Sulphate influence on strength development of cemented paste backfill with superplasticizer under field-like curing conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of sulphate on the strength development of cemented paste backfill (CPB) with polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizers (PES) under curing conditions mimicking real field environments. These conditions include thermal (T, non-isothermal field temperature), hydraulic (H, drainage), mechanical (M, overburden stress), and chemical (C, PES, sulphate ions) factors. CPB samples with varying sulphate and PES contents were examined through mechanical and microstructural tests under these THMC conditions. The findings reveal that traditional methods for assessing sulphate influence on CPB strength, typically under standard lab conditions, do not adequately capture the mechanical response of CPB structures to sulphate in field scenarios. Real field curing conditions such as temperature, drainage, and stress significantly affect CPB’s mechanical response to sulphate. CPB samples incorporating PES and sulphate show notable improvements in early-age strength, emphasizing the beneficial role of elevated temperatures and the complex relationship between drainage, sulphate, and strength development. Elevated curing temperatures counterbalance sulphate's negative effects, boosting initial strength, while drainage conditions play a critical role in strength development by facilitating the removal of sulphate ions and reducing capillary water. Additionally, stress application at the start of curing aids solid particle rearrangement, promoting the release of free water and enhancing mechanical strength. The competitive adsorption between sulphate ions and PES on the cementitious matrix influences the dispersion of particles and strength development. This research offers crucial technical insights for designing durable CPB mixes suited to various on-site curing conditions, particularly enhancing initial strength across diverse field curing scenarios. • First study on sulphate effect on cemented paste backfill strength under field conditions. • Conventional method of assessing sulphate effect on CPB strength not accurate. • THMC field curing conditions significantly affect CPB strength response to sulphate. • Field non-isothermal field temperature is counterbalance to negative effect of sulphate. • Drainage conditions are an important factor influencing CPB response to sulphate.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".