Pathogenicity and intestinal barrier disruptive ability of <i>Malassezia furfur</i> in an alternative model host <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> is partially alleviated by <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Malassezia furfur is associated with various diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity remain largely unknown. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as the model host to evaluate M. furfur pathogenicity. Additionally, effects of lactic acid bacteria against M. furfur pathogenicity were evaluated. Compared to Escherichia coli OP50 (OP, control), both live and heat-killed M. furfur reduced the lifespan and body size of C. elegans , although heat-killed M. furfur was less effective than live M. furfur in lifespan shortening. Furthermore, unlike heat-killed M. furfur, live M. furfur disrupted the nematode intestinal barrier. nsy-1 and sek-1 loss-of-function mutants were susceptible to M. furfur , suggesting their involvement in the defense against M. furfur infection. Expression of genes involved in host defense and of those coding for C-type lectin domain-containing proteins and antimicrobial peptides was upregulated in M. furfur -infected C. elegans . Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR) significantly ameliorated lifespan shortening and body size reduction in M. furfur -infected C. elegans and protected against intestinal barrier disruption, suggesting that LR protects nematodes from M. furfur virulence. This study highlights M. furfur pathogenicity and intestinal barrier disruptive ability in C. elegans and suggests that the M. furfur virulence is partially attenuated by LR. Importance Infection with Malassezia furfur shortens the lifespan and disrupts the intestinal barrier in the model host C. elegans . The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR) attenuates M. furfur virulence, thus partially protecting the intestinal tract. Signaling of the innate immune response to M. furfur in C. elegans is mediated by nsy-1 and sek-1 , suggesting that the expression of genes involved in the biological defense response may be regulated downstream of nsy-1 and sek-1 . This study enhances our understanding of the diseases associated with M. furfur and offers insights into potential preventive and therapeutic methods using probiotics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".