Colossal Dielectric Constant of Nanocrystalline/Amorphous Homo-Composite BaTiO3 Films Deposited via Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of nanocrystalline/amorphous homo-composite BaTiO3 (BTO) films exhibiting an unprecedented combination of a colossal dielectric constant (εr) and extremely low dielectric loss (tan δ). By varying the substrate deposition temperature (Td) over a wide range (300–800 °C), we identified Td = 550 °C as the optimal temperature for growing BTO films with an εr as high as ~3060 and a tan δ as low as 0.04 (at 20 kHz). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the PLD-BTO films consist of BTO nanocrystals (~20–30 nm size) embedded within an otherwise amorphous BTO matrix. The impressive dielectric behavior is attributed to the combination of highly crystallized small BTO nanograins, which amplify interfacial polarization, and the surrounding amorphous matrix, which effectively isolates the nanograins from charge carrier transport. Our findings could facilitate the development of next-generation integrated dielectric devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".