A shared developmental genetic basis for sexually antagonistic male and female adaptations in the toothed water strider
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sexual conflict can drive the divergence of male and female phenotypes and cross-species comparative analyses have documented patterns of correlated evolution of sex-specific traits that promote the evolutionary interests of the sexes. However, male–female coevolution can be highly dynamic, particularly if the male and female traits share an underlying genetic program. Here, we use water striders, a well-studied model system for sexually antagonistic coevolution, and ask whether sex-specific phenotypic adaptations covary across populations and whether they share a common developmental genetic basis. Using comparative analyses both at the population and species levels, we document an association between a derived male mate-grasping trait and a putative female antigrasping counteradaptation in the toothed water strider Gerris odontogaster. Interestingly, in several populations where males have partly lost their derived grasping trait, females have also reduced their antigrasping adaptation. We used RNAi to show that these male and female traits are both linked to a common developmental genetic program involving Hox- and sex-determination genes, despite the fact that they are different structures on different abdominal segments. Our work illustrates the dynamic nature of sexually antagonistic coevolution and suggests that the pleiotropic nature of developmental genetic programs can blur the distinction between inter- and intralocus genetic conflict.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it