Acquisition and evolution of the neurotoxin domoic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Pseudo-nitzschia species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Of the hitherto over 60 taxonomically identified species in the genus of Pseudo-nitzschia, 26 have been confirmed to be toxigenic. Nevertheless, the acquisition and evolution of the toxin biosynthesis (dab) genes by this extensive group of Pseudo-nitzschia species remains unclear. Through constructing chromosome-level genomes of three Pseudo-nitzschia species and draft genomes of ten additional Pseudo-nitzschia species, putative genomic integration sites for the dab genes in Pseudo-nitzschia species were explored. A putative breakpoint was observed in syntenic regions in the dab gene cluster-lacking Pseudo-nitzschia species, suggesting potential independent losses of dab genes. The breakpoints between this pair of conserved genes were also identified in some dab genes-possessing Pseudo-nitzschia species, suggesting that the dab gene clusters transposed to other loci after the initial integration. A "single acquisition, multiple independent losses (SAMIL)" model is proposed to explain the acquisition and evolution of the dab gene cluster in Pseudo-nitzschia species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".