S3259 Drinking Piping Hot Tea Increases Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus usually has been historically associated with well described risk factors. Here we present a patient who developed malignancy in the absence of most of the known risk factors except for admitted prolonged use of very hot beverages. Case Description/Methods: Our patient is a 73-year-old woman who previously had no significant existing medical conditions, who complained of slow progressing dysphagia to mostly solid food for a few weeks. The patient then underwent EGD which revealed a 3 cm sub-obstructing lesion in the proximal esophagus (see image attached) and biopsies confirmed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with local invasion. The patient underwent a combination of chemo and radiation therapy which successfully irradicated the lesion as proven on a subsequent endoscopy. Discussion: Upon further more detailed questioning, the patient specifically denied any smoking or alcohol use at any point in her life. Being from the region of the Caucasus, the patient did admit to prolonged daily use of very hot tea since her teenage years. Epidemiologic studies have shown an increase in risk of developing esophageal cancer while using hot beverages over prolonged period. In particular, there was a large meta-analysis which reviewed 536 articles in 2009 from the International Journal of Cancer. After inclusion criteria were met, 77 articles were studied. This revealed that high/temperature beverage drinking increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Individuals from certain parts of the world that are known to consume very hot beverages including tea and coffee should be screened for and given recommendations to modify their behavior to reduce the risk of further irritation of the esophagus (see Figure 1). Reference: F. Islami et al, High-Temperature beverages and Foods and Esophageal Cancer Risk - A Systematic Review, 2009, August 1;125(3): 491-524.Figure 1.: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".