Elemental mapping in single-particle reconstructions by reconstructed electron energy-loss analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For macromolecular structures determined by cryogenic electron microscopy, no technique currently exists for mapping elements to defined locations, leading to errors in the assignment of metals and other ions, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors and lipids that play essential roles in activity and regulation. Elemental mapping in the electron microscope is well established for dose-tolerant samples but is challenging for biological samples, especially in a cryo-preserved state. Here we combine electron energy-loss spectroscopy with single-particle image processing to allow elemental mapping in cryo-preserved macromolecular complexes. Proof-of-principle data show that our method, reconstructed electron energy-loss (REEL) analysis, allows a three-dimensional reconstruction of electron energy-loss spectroscopy data, such that a high total electron dose is accumulated across many copies of a complex. Working with two test samples, we demonstrate that we can reliably localize abundant elements. We discuss the current limitations of the method and potential future developments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it