Integrated Sensing and Communication With Symbiotic Radio and RIS-Assisted Backscatter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To meet the demand for spectrum-efficient solutions in next-generation wireless communication, symbiotic radio (SR) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems are gaining traction. This letter introduces an innovative approach that integrates ISAC with SR. The proposed system leverages an SR, assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), to enhance primary communication while enabling secondary data transmission through backscattering. Furthermore, a full-duplex base station (FD-BS) performs target sensing. The objective is to maximize the sum rate over the transmit/receive beamformers and RIS phase shifts while meeting minimum quality of service (QoS) requirements for both RIS data decoding and target sensing. To tackle this non-convex problem, we developed a block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm using semi-definite relaxation (SDR), successive convex approximation (SCA), and sum rate lower bound derivation to transform it into a convex problem. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our design outperforms benchmarks by 50%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".