LRFD Calibration of Internal Limit States for Polymer Strap MSE Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper demonstrates load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration for tensile strength, connection strength, pullout, and soil failure internal stability limit states for polyester strap mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls using a reliability theory-based approach. The calibrations are carried out using the simplified and stiffness methods to compute tensile loads and the pullout and connection models found in current LRFD specifications for MSE walls. LRFD calibration is also carried out for the soil failure limit, which is unique to the stiffness method. Computed resistance factors in combination with code-specified load factors are compiled in tables based on US and Canadian LRFD practice. Recommended resistance factors are provided for both jurisdictions. Actual margins of safety expressed as a reliability index are calculated using current and proposed new resistance factors for the case when each limit state is just satisfied. Example designs are provided to show the impact on reinforcement demand when using different load models in combination with current and proposed new resistance factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".