Facing the Forest: Climate Change and Human Adaptation Across the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition in Northern New England and Eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In northern New England and southern Quebec, the end of the Younger Dryas (∼11,700 calendar years ago) was marked by rapid warming and the transition from a landscape of open spruce forests, parklands and tundra to closed canopy forest more akin to modern boreal forest. Human livelihoods transform over this same interval although the details of this transition are poorly resolved. It is clear, however, that social systems that had persisted for nearly 1000 years shift dramatically evidenced by changes in mobility, settlement practices, and stone tool manufacturing techniques. This period is also marked by a nearly 1500-year-long “hiatus” in archaeological radiocarbon dates. While limited, current evidence suggests the appearance of “Late Paleoindian” points in the region following this radiocarbon-date hiatus represents the resettlement of a largely depopulated area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".