Occurrence of <i>Centrosaurus apertus</i> (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) in Saskatchewan, Canada, and expanded dinosaur diversity in the easternmost exposure of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Late Campanian terrestrial communities of western Canada are best known from the fluvial–paralic deposits of the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) in Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP), Alberta. However, a growing list of localities from isolated DPF outcrops, outside of the DPP area, offers a glimpse into palaeocommunities that evolved isochronously with DPP biotas in greater proximity to the Western Interior Seaway. Over the past decade, one such locality was explored along Lake Diefenbaker in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park. The initial palaeoecological analysis of this marginal marine community was based on palynomorph and vertebrate microfossil diversity and has laid a foundation for the current study of its monodominant ceratopsian bonebed. The latter has resulted in new occurrences of Centrosaurus apertus and of the elmisaurine Citipes elegans for Saskatchewan based on incomplete yet diagnostic specimens. Centrosaurus apertus is unequivocally identified by a parietal bar bearing two prominent P1 and P2 hooks, which expands the geographical and habitat range of this species to the most coastal environment known from the DPF. Furthermore, the presence of Centrosaurus apertus suggests that the DPF in this region of Saskatchewan is closer in age to the lower DPF than to the uppermost DPF in DPP, which is at odds with a previous palynostratigraphic interpretation. The faunal composition of this bonebed also supports the presence of a widely distributed metacommunity across these deposits. This contribution demonstrates how evidence from multiple localities in the DPF along a spatial gradient, beyond the temporal gradient available within DPP alone, expands the picture of this metacommunity as a potential model system for biotic turnover in response to sea level rise at a geological temporal scale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".