Tenapanor, a Novel Phosphorus Absorption Inhibitor, Softens Stool Properties and Enables Good Phosphorus Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Tenapanor is a novel drug that reduces phosphorus absorption from the intestinal tract by inhibiting Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby decreasing phosphorus permeability in the intercellular space. It is also used as a treatment for constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) in the United States and Canada. Recently, tenapanor has become available as a hyperphosphatemic treatment for chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis. In this study, we investigated the effects of tenapanor on defecation status and serum phosphorus levels. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 14 dialysis patients (12 hemodialysis patients, 1 peritoneal dialysis patient, and 1 peritoneal dialysis + hemodialysis hybrid patient) who started tenapanor at our affiliated institutions. A questionnaire was administered to assess the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS: O’Donnell LJ, et al., BMJ 1990) and the number of defecations per week to evaluate the defecation status. Changes in defecation status and serum phosphorus levels after 8 weeks of tenapanor administration were examined. Results: Four of the 14 patients discontinued medication due to diarrhea, one patient died due to cardiovascular events, and one patient was excluded due to withdrawal of consent. Data from eight individuals were analyzed. A significant difference was found in BSFS between 0 weeks and 8 weeks after starting tenapanor, 3.1 at 0 weeks, and 4.8 at 8 weeks (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of defecations per week. Serum phosphorus levels were generally controlled within management goals. Conclusion: Tenapanor can soften stool properties and control serum phosphorus levels well, although diarrhea has been observed as a side effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".