Bibliographic record
Abstract
Each year, the manuscripts submitted to The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc., reflect the expanding interests of orthopaedic surgeons and investigators. The careful peer-review process by which manuscripts submitted to JBJS are reviewed requires Consultant Reviewers who have a wide range of knowledge and interests. The following individuals have contributed their knowledge and expertise to this task, and without them the job could not have been done. Their very great contributions are acknowledged with profound appreciation. Gijo A.J., MS, Idukki, Kerala, India Roy K. Aaron, MD, Providence, RI Dawar Abbas, MS, MSc, FRCS, PGCE, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom Matthew Abbott, MD, Indianapolis, IN Ayesha Abdeen, MD, Boston, MA Matthew Philip Abdel, MD, Rochester, MN Mohammad S. Abdelaal, MD, Philadelphia, PA Hisham Abdel-Ghani, MD, Giza, Egypt Oussema Abdelhedi, PhD, Sfax, Tunisia Adam Abdelmoneim, MD, MCh, MRCS, MFSEM, Dublin, Ireland Mohamed Abdel-Wahed, PhD, Cairo, Egypt Koki Abe, MD, PhD, Yokohama-Shi, Japan Nobuhiro Abe, MD, PhD, Okayama, Japan Mark F. Abel, MD, Charlottesville, VA Nicholas A. Abidi, MD, Capitola, CA Mansour Abolghasemian, MD, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada Craig A. Aboltins, MBBS(Hons), FRACP, DMedSC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Oussama Abousamra, MD, Los Angeles, CA Geoffrey D. Abrams, MD, Palo Alto, CA Jeffrey S. Abrams, MD, Princeton, NJ John Matthew Abrahams, MBBS, PhD, Adelaide, SA, Australia Freih Abuhassan, Amman, Jordan Jonathan Acosta, MD, Pittsburgh, PA Rodney Dean Adam, MD, Tucson, AZ Mark J. Adamczyk, MD, Akron, OH Douglas J. Adams, PhD, Aurora, CO Julie E. Adams, MD, MBA, Chattanooga, TN Animesh Agarwal, MD, San Antonio, TX Ankur Agarwal, MS(Orth), Gautam Budh Nagar, India Kiran Jay Agarwal-Harding, MD, Boston, MA Avinesh Agarwalla, MD, Los Angeles, CA Filon Agathangelidis, PhD, Thessaloniki, Greece Julie Agel, MA, Minneapolis, MI Yuvraj Agrawal, MBBS, MRCS, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Birmingham, United Kingdom Juan Fernando Agudelo, MD, Atlantis, FL John Jairo Aguilera-Correa, MSc, PhD, Madrid, Spain Abdulaziz F. Ahmed, MD, Columbia, MO Ghalib Oudah Ahmed, MB ChB, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Doha, Qatar William R. Aibinder, MD, Ann Arbor, MI Michael Aiona, MD, Portland, OR Mika Akahane, MD, Kanazawa, Japan Koji Akeda, MD, PhD, Tsu, Japan Turgut Akgul, MD, Istanbul, Turkey Toshihiro Akisue, MD, PhD, Kobe, Japan Sultan Al Maskari, FRCSEd(T&O), Al Khuwair, Oman Stephen A. Albanese, MD, East Syracuse, NY Hanne B. Albert, PhD, Odense, Denmark Michael Albert, MD, Dayton, OH Alexander W. Aleem, MD, St. Louis, MO Usman Ali, MBBS, Karachi, Pakistan Pouya Alijanipour, MD, Galveston, Texas Matthew Allen, VetMB, PhD, Cambridge, United Kingdom Daniel C. Allison, MD, MBA, Los Angeles, CA Ali Al-omari, MD, Irbid, Jordan Marco Antonio Altamirano-Cruz, MD, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Okyar Altas, MD, Istanbul, Turkey David W. Altchek, MD, New York, NY Marcelo de Pinho Teixeira Alves, MD, Palmela, Portugal Ned Amendola, MD, Durham, NC Elizabeth Ames, MD, Burlington, VT Michael Haessam Amini, MD, Mesa, AZ Arash Aminian, MD, Laguna Woods, CA Rohit Amritanand, MS(Orth), Vellore, India Tonya An, MD, MA, Los Angeles, CA Jason B. Anari, MD, Philadelphia, PA Steven Andelman, MD, White Plains, NY Donald D. Anderson, PhD, Iowa City, IA John T. Anderson, MD, Kansas City, MO Kent Anderson, MBA, Westborough, MA Libby Anderson, BSc, MBBS, FRACS, Brisbane, Australia Matthew C. Anderson, MD, Columbia, MO Paul A. Anderson, MD, Madison, WI William Anderst, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA Muneharu Ando, MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan Lindsay Andras, MD, Los Angeles, CA Octavian Andronic, MD, Zurich, Switzerland Michael Angeline, MD, Janesville, WI Nathan Ryan Angerett, DO, Camp Hill, PA Jeffrey O. Anglen, MD, Indianapolis, IN Adarsh Annapareddy, MBBS, MS(Orth), Hyderabad, India Valentin Antoci, Jr., MD, PhD, East Providence, RI Peter James Apel, MD, PhD, Roanoke, VA Shane Ryan Apperley, DMS, MSc, PA-R, Harrogate, TN Guillermo Araujo, MD, Los Angeles, CA Liubov Arbeeva, MS, Chapel Hill, NC Robert A. Arciero, MD, Farmington, CT Elizabeth A. Arendt, MD, Minneapolis, MN Meredith Allison Arensman, MD, MBA, Columbus, OH Jean-Noel Argenson, MD, PhD, Marseille, France Daigo Arimura, MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan Alexandre Arkader, MD, Philadelphia, PA April D. Armstrong, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Hershey, PA Douglas Gordon Armstrong, MD, Hershey, PA Maxwell Luke Armstrong, MD, MBA, St. John's, NL, Canada Justin Wade Arner, MD, Pittsburgh, PA William V. Arnold, MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA Michael S. Aronow, MD, Hartford, CT Blair Surran Ashley, MD, Philadelphia, PA Jason Ashley, PhD, Cheney, WA Stanley R. Askin, MD, Elkins Park, PA Diego Costa Astur, MD, PhD, Sao Paulo, Brazil Kivanc Atesok, MD, MSc, Seattle, WA Bulent Atilla, MD, Ankara, Turkey Naftaly Attias, MD, Phoenix, AZ Frank R. Avilucea, MD, Nashville, TN Olufemi Rolland Ayeni, MD, FRCSC, Hamilton, ON, Canada David C. Ayers, MD, Worcester, MA Miguel Angel Ayerza, MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina Frederick M. Azar, MD, Memphis, TN Ibrahim Azboy, MD, Istanbul, Turkey Keith T. Aziz, MD, Jacksonville, FL George C. Babis, MD, PhD, Athens, Greece Kent N. Bachus, PhD, Salt Lake City, UT David John MD, FRCSC, FL MD, MD, PhD, W. MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, Los Angeles, CA MBBS, Ireland James R. MD, CA B. MD, MBA, PhD, Salt Lake City, UT George C. MD, VA Bulent MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, Rochester, NY MBBS, MS(Orth), India Michael MD, Boston, MA William MD, CA MD, San CA Jonathan MD, Rochester, MN Douglas A. MD, TX Robert MD, St. Louis, MO MD, Madrid, Spain Jeffrey MD, San CA Robert PhD, Chattanooga, TN MD, MD, Providence, RI MA, San CA MS, FRCS, India MD, PhD, France MD, Boston, MA Keith M. MD, F. MD, Rochester, NY MD, Pittsburgh, PA O. MD, CA MD, Phoenix, AZ Paul E. MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada David Pittsburgh, PA MD, PhD, MD, New York, NY S. MD, NY DO, MS, MO V. MD, Phoenix, AZ PhD, MD, Spain James T. MD, New S. MD, MD, Turkey C. MD, Switzerland Jordan MD, MA David N. MD, PhD, MBA, Boston, MA MD, CT MD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, MN J. DO, MI Matthew MD, MBA, MD, Pittsburgh, PA MD, New York, NY R. MD, PhD, Boston, MA MB ChB, MRCS, United Kingdom MD, DO, WI Ryan MD, ON, Canada Robert J. MD, Indianapolis, IN MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, MBBS, VIC, Australia MD, San CA MD, Madison, WI John MD, TX MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, MD, New York, NY E. MD, PhD, PhD, IN Columbus, OH Julie MD, Columbus, OH MD, New York, NY J. David MD, Ann Arbor, MI C. MD, VA R. MD, Jason MD, New York, NY MD, MD, PhD, Boston, MA J. MD, CA MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, MS(Orth), New York, NY MD, New York, NY R. MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada Paul Michael MD, MD, France AZ Michael MD, Boston, MA Peter MD, Robert MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, NY Michael J. MD, NC MD, MD, CO MD, PhD, France MD, MSc, FRCSC, St. Louis, MO K. MD, New York, NY Elizabeth W. PhD, Minneapolis, MN MD, San Antonio, TX MD, James MD, Kansas City, MO MD, Ryan PhD, New York, NY MD, Keith MD, St. Louis, MO MD, TN T. MD, TX Robert MD, MO Mark D. MD, PhD, FL T. MD, VT William MD, CA PhD, Robert M. MD, Boston, MA M. MSc, PhD, ON, Canada MD, Switzerland Steven MD, MD, PhD, Denmark David B. MD, MD, New York, NY MD, OH MD, Robert T. MD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, MO MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina R. MD, TN MD, Nashville, TN J. Matthew DO, MD, Ankara, Turkey J. MD, Philadelphia, PA S. MD, Ann Arbor, MI K. MD, TX David MBBS, PhD, FRACS, Adelaide, SA, Australia MSc, PhD, Brazil MD, Portland, OR MD, Jacksonville, FL James D. MD, NY MD, Ann Arbor, MI V. MD, FRCSC, New York, NY James MD, Ann Arbor, MI MD, Boston, MA MD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, New York, NY Peter MD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, San CA Robert W. MD, MBA, Los Angeles, CA MD, MD, PhD, PhD, France MD, Seattle, WA Michael W. MD, CA MD, CA Michael A. MD, MI MD, City, MD, of MD, of MD, Portugal MBBS, Paul MD, PhD, The TX MD, Boston, MA MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA B. MS(Orth), Vellore, India MD, PhD, Japan James MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, Iowa City, IA PhD, Columbus, MD, Kansas City, MO MD, United Kingdom Jeffrey D. MD, CA Philip MD, MS, MD, MN Daniel J. MD, San Antonio, TX M. MD, Providence, RI MD, MD, MSc, New York, NY MD, City, NY MD, Rochester, MN Peter A. MD, St. MN M. MD, PhD, John W. Jr., MD, CA Fernando MD, Costa M. MD, NC PhD, MD, Spain MD, MA MD, OH Maxwell MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, MSc, San CA MD, Nashville, TN Michael Jr., MD, NJ MD, New York, NY MD, the J. PhD, Providence, RI D. MD, Columbia, MO MD, Philadelphia, PA K. MD, Boston, MA Robert MD, OH Roy PhD, NC John M. MD, FL MD, Charlottesville, VA MD, BSc, the MD, MD, A. MD, East Syracuse, NY R. MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada R. MD, MSc, CA Daniel MD, Philadelphia, PA MB ChB, MSc, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Birmingham, United Kingdom PhD, NC S. MD, MBA, MI J. de MD, FL M. MD, PhD, New York, NY MD, MI David George MD, Durham, NC A. MD, Steven MD, Columbia, MO Ryan M. MD, MSc, FRCSC, ON, Canada T. MD, MD, PA MD, John MD, FL E. MD, MD, J. MD, PhD, Columbia, MO Craig J. MD, MD, CT Douglas A. MD, CO John R. MD, New NY Geoffrey F. MD, MSc, FRCSC, ON, Canada MD, MD, F. MD, New York, NY Mark MD, Indianapolis, IN MBBS, Pakistan MD, NY Douglas R. MD, TX T. MD, Thessaloniki, Greece MA, New York, NY A. PhD, Iowa City, IA MD, William F. MD, Pittsburgh, PA James MD, Nicholas MD, Fort James MD, Frank MD, White VT PhD, Zurich, Switzerland MD, MBA, NY MD, MBA, New Stephen T. MD, Douglas FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom Robert MB ChB, MD, MD, NY A. MD, Paul MD, Portland, OR John MD, St. Louis, MO John S. MD, TX TX MD, MSc, PhD, Athens, Greece Adam MD, MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA W. MD, San CA A. MD, New York, NY D. PhD, Philadelphia, PA FRCS, United Kingdom PhD, MD, Boston, MA John PhD, Akron, OH M. MD, PhD, Iowa City, IA PhD, Minneapolis, MN Bone Jr., MD, TX M. MD, East Providence, RI John B. MD, Boston, MA K. MD, OH MD, DO, MN MD, Turkey PhD, PhD, Rochester, MN MD, Aurora, CO Peter D. MD, New York, NY MD, Brazil MD, Luke MB ChB, United Kingdom T. MD, San CA K. MD, NC David T. MD, Boston, MA MD, MN MD, Seattle, WA MD, Rochester, MN Marco MD, Boston, MA de Brazil MD, St. Louis, MO J. MD, Indianapolis, IN David MD, Indianapolis, IN Michael FL NC MD, MD, Boston, MA MD, New York, NY John Matthew MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, FL David Alexander MD, New York, NY Craig W. MD, MD, PhD, Minneapolis, MN T. MD, New York, NY Mark A. MD, FL B. MD, PA MD, Portland, OR PhD, MD, MD, MI Michael C. MD, New York, NY MD, MD, MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MS(Orth), Vellore, India J. MD, Columbia, MO MD, Worcester, MA Robert MD, Hershey, PA W. DO, Iowa City, IA MD, PhD, Madrid, Spain MD, Galveston, TX MD, New York, NY E. MD, MD, MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, New NJ Elizabeth MD, New York, NY MD, NJ M. MD, OH MD, OH MD, Columbia, MO MD, FRCSC, PhD, Birmingham, PhD, San Antonio, TX Peter V. MD, FRCS, United Kingdom MD, PhD, New York, NY M. MD, Salt Lake City, UT MB ChB, MRCS, United Kingdom MD, MD, MS, Adam MD, Jacksonville, FL MD, MS, Columbus, OH Mark MD, MSc, PhD, Canada A. MD, E. PhD, Iowa City, IA A. MD, St. Louis, MO R. MD, Boston, MA MD, Philadelphia, PA B. MD, CA J. MD, St. Louis, MO MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Boston, MA James MD, Ann Arbor, MI MD, PhD, Athens, Greece John MD, Hartford, CT MD, FRACS, Melbourne, VIC, Australia George FRCS(Tr&Orth), ON, Canada Dean MD, WA MD, Providence, RI Jeffrey A. MD, Indianapolis, IN M. PhD, Indianapolis, IN James M. MD, Texas NY MD, MSc, FRCSC, ON, Canada PhD, MD, PhD, Denmark MD, France MD, Spain MD, PhD, Galveston, TX MD, ON, Canada James T. MD, PA Robert MD, Portland, OR MD, NY MD, CA MD, India MD, MD, PhD, MSc, A. PhD, Cairo, Egypt Geoffrey Frederick MD, Mohammad MD, MBA, William Hamilton, MD, VA PhD, TX MD, San CA George MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, PhD, Japan K. MD, OH D. MD, Pittsburgh, PA Michael D. PhD, Louis, MO MD, Boston, MA Robert M. MD, City, TN MD, CA MD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, Chapel Hill, VA A. MD, MD, NC MSc, Canada S. MD, PhD, OH MD, PhD, Japan MD, Minneapolis, MN Michael William PhD, Philadelphia, PA MD, TX M. MD, CO MD, Jacksonville, FL J. MD, A. MD, Providence, RI James MD, PhD, Portland, OR MD, San CA Paul J. MD, MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, San Antonio, TX MD, PhD, MD, Rochester, MN Nathan R. MD, MS, Iowa City, IA R. Frank MD, PhD, Salt Lake City, UT Michael W. MD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Nicholas Michael MD, Seattle, WA MD, France MD, PhD, Spain John MD, TX MD, Switzerland F. MD, Salt Lake City, UT A. MD, FL Hill, MSc, John PhD, TX Jason C. MD, OH MBBS, FRCS, Ann MD, TX M. Mark MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, Switzerland Douglas MD, Boston, MA V. MD, MBA, Pittsburgh, PA T. MD, MS, Durham, NC MD, Paul MD, PhD, Rochester, MN M. MD, City, CA MD, MN MD, PhD, Japan PhD, Zurich, Switzerland Matthew T. MD, Rochester, MN MD, PhD, the MD, FRCSC, Canada Jason E. MD, Seattle, WA MD, MD, MS, TX S. MD, City, CA James MD, CA Michael MD, TX R. MD, Chapel Hill, NC MD, PhD, OH Nicholas MD, Seattle, WA M. MD, PhD, ON, Canada PhD, Rochester, MN MD, PhD, Japan MD, OH MD, San CA MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Japan John MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, PhD, Japan India J. MD, MBA, Columbia, J. MD, MD, PhD, St. Switzerland MD, MBA, MD, St. Louis, MO PhD, Denmark MD, A. MD, MD, San CA J. MD, PhD, the MD, PhD, Minneapolis, MN MD, Boston, MA OH Jason MD, CO MD, PhD, OH James MD, David MD, MBA, VA PhD, Salt Lake City, UT PhD, MD, of MD, CA Michael MD, FL PhD, St. MN E. MD, TX MD, MI Fort B. MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, Columbus, OH MD, Minneapolis, MN C. PhD, MD, Boston, MA David MD, CO Michael J. MD, OH MD, MS, VA B. MD, Boston, MA Michael PhD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, Portland, OR MBBS, NY N. MD, City, CA F. MD, OH PhD, NJ MD, Japan MD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Daniel MD, WA James MD, Boston, MA MD, MS, MRCS, India Nathan MD, Rochester, NY MD, Denmark MD, F. MD, CT MD, PhD, Japan David B. MD, Akron, OH John F. FRCSEd(T&O), United Kingdom Jay D. MD, St. Louis, MO James A. MD, Columbia, MO Steven A. James F. MD, TX John D. MD, Philadelphia, PA Michael MD, St. Louis, MO MD, MI Keith MD, MI MD, MD, New York, NY Michael MD, TX A. MD, FRCS, MSc, Egypt MD, MSc, FRCSC, Hamilton, ON, Canada MD, San CA MD, MD, CA Michael MD, TX M. PhD, Boston, MA Steven C. NY MD, OH David MD, Boston, MA MD, MS, TX MD, PhD, of MD, PhD, of MD, PhD, of MD, PhD, Japan Paul J. MD, John S. MD, FL MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, NJ Michael J. MD, New York, NY Michael R. Jr., MD, CA MD, Seattle, WA MD, New York, NY M. DO, Columbia, MO PhD, Australia Michael MD, New York, NY Frank PhD, MD, PhD, Japan Fort TX David A. MD, MSc, New York, NY A. MD, PhD, Greece A. MD, Greece MD, PhD, France Matthew J. MD, CO J. MD, CA James MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, TX MD, N. MD, Nicholas MD, San CA MBBS, MS(Orth), John MD, Boston, MA F. MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, PhD, William D. MD, Seattle, WA MD, San CA FRCS, United Kingdom Daniel MD, TN David C. MD, PhD, VA M. MD, New York, NY B. MD, NY Jeffrey MD, Boston, MA PhD, MI Nathan MD, Fort NC A. MD, San CA Peter MD, ON, Canada M. MD, MD, Rochester, MN PhD, FL MD, MSc, FRCSC, ON, Canada WI J. MD, FL MD, MSc, FRCSC, Canada MD, Fort FL A. MD, IA Elizabeth C. MD, M. MD, St. Louis, MO MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada R. MD, New York, NY William R. PhD, Seattle, WA Gordon MD, MD, New York, NY Mark C. MD, Hartford, CT S. MD, PhD, MD, of MD, Canada MD, New York, NY MD, MSc, PhD, Sao Paulo, Brazil J. MD, Aurora, CO Paul MD, NY Jonathan MD, FL MD, FRCS, United Kingdom N. MD, New York, NY MD, TX MD, of PhD, MA MD, PhD, New CT Stephen PhD, FL MD, PhD, Charlottesville, VA MD, AB, Canada David M. MD, Fort TX Elizabeth MD, Portland, OR Jay R. MD, Los Angeles, CA R. MD, Boston, MA S. MD, NJ MD, MS, MD, MD, MBA, MBBS, MRCS, A. MD, New York, NY MS, New York, NY Milton Michael MD, Los Angeles, CA S. MD, Boston, MA MD, V. Jr., MD, New OH DO, VA Philip MD, Seattle, WA MD, de Brazil MD, Boston, MA John D. MD, PA John MD, MD, Brazil C. DO, CA PhD, Douglas William MD, MBA, PA MD, San CA PhD, United Kingdom Elizabeth MD, St. Louis, MO MD, PhD, New York, NY PhD, Hamilton, ON, Canada C. MD, MBA, MI MD, Iowa IA David MD, TX MD, Philip PhD, PA MD, FRCSC, Canada MD, William J. MD, CA A. PhD, Syracuse, NY B. MD, CA Michael MD, MO S. MD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, W. MD, NC J. MD, Iowa City, IA C. MD, CA R. MD, FRCSC, St. MN David MD, Boston, MA MD, Madrid, Spain MD, MI Robert MD, MSc, FRCSC, New York, NY Matthew J. MD, MO MD, Durham, NC Frederick A. MD, Seattle, WA Elizabeth MD, Boston, MA Craig S. MD, Pittsburgh, PA David MD, Los Angeles, CA MBBS, Australia Jr., MD, S. MD, MD, MD, San CA Michael D. MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, Indianapolis, IN Robert F. MD, OH PhD, Indianapolis, IN C. MD, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA John MD, IN Michael J. MD, New CT Peter MD, MBBS, MS(Orth), New India D. MD, Canada MBA, T. DO, OH MD, Los Angeles, CA J. Mark MD, M. MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA MD, NC MD, Rochester, NY MBBS, MS(Orth), Oman MD, PhD, Boston, MA MD, MD, PhD, MD, MSc, Los Angeles, CA James Dean MD, Burlington, VT MD, San CA PhD, Mark MD, FL MD, Brazil O. MD, New York, NY N. MD, St. Louis, MO J. MD, MS, Iowa City, IA John MD, MD, Aurora, CO Peter J. MD, MSc, CO Michael B. MD, Boston, MA MD, FL MD, Durham, NC MD, OH K. MD, MD, OH MD, TX MBBS, MS, FRCS, India David MD, City, CA MD, Michael A. MD, New York, NY MD, MD, PhD, The MD, PhD, M. PhD, MD, MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, Tokyo, Japan MD, Zurich, Switzerland Nathan MD, MD, PhD, San CA MD, S. MD, WA T. MD, Roanoke, VA Michael MD, Boston, MA MD, MI MBBS, MS(Orth), Canada Peter M. MD, Jacksonville, FL MD, Pittsburgh, PA George F. MD, OH MS(Orth), India Peter T. MBBS, FRACS, Brisbane, Australia MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, FRCS, Osaka, Japan PhD, MD, City, Japan Robert S. MD, CA MD, MSc, Philadelphia, PA Douglas MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada MD, MSc, ON, Canada MD, Boston, MA John MD, WI E. PhD, Salt Lake City, UT MD, Boston, MA MS(Orth), India Jeffrey J. MD, St. Louis, MO Steven K. MD, VA Peter O. MD, San CA MD, France T. New York, NY MD, St. MN Shane MD, MD, S. MD, PhD, Athens, Greece MD, PhD, France Philip C. PhD, TX W. MD, MI MD, PhD, TX M. MD, OH William T. MD, Nashville, TN MD, VA E. MD, New York, NY W. PhD, MD, Rochester, MN Matthew E. MD, Nathan N. PhD, MD, TX MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan MD, MBA, MSc, Ann Arbor, MI Adam Stephen MD, MS, Pittsburgh, PA Steven A. MD, Durham, NC Michael MD, Pittsburgh, PA MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, R. Douglas MD, FRCSC, OH E. MD, NC J. MD, MO PhD, Canada Douglas MD, New York, NY M. MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, PhD, Canada Park, MD, PhD, of Park, MD, PhD, of S. Park, MD, Charlottesville, VA Park, MD, PhD, of Park, MD, of K. MD, PhD, Boston, MA Peter MD, Durham, NC Ryan MD, TX MD, MO M. MD, MS(Orth), India M. MD, MBA, OH E. MD, East Providence, RI MD, MD, VA Michael MD, Los Angeles, CA D. Jr., MD, E. MD, Salt Lake City, UT PhD, San CA J. MD, CO PhD, San CA MD, Stephen MD, FRCS, OH Michael MD, S. MD, Peter D. MD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, ON, Canada Donald MD, New NJ David W. MD, Minneapolis, MN K. MD, PhD, San CA MD, J. MD, MD, MD, CA Matthew D. MD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, of Fernando PhD, New York, NY Stephen Matthew MD, FL MD, New York, NY Mark MD, TX MD, MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA Daniel MD, New York, NY MD, CT N. MD, MBA, CA MD, MS, Portland, OR Adam MD, MD, New York, NY PhD, City, John Stephen Jr., MSc, MD, CT Michael MD, MN M. MD, TX J. MD, New York, NY Kent MD, San Antonio, TX MD, OH F. MD, Rochester, NY MD, MD, John T. MD, TX MD, The M. PhD, OH David MD, PhD, TX Jonathan PhD, TX F. MD, Akron, OH W. MS, James R. MD, A. MD, Salt Lake City, UT Donald W. MD, WA MD, Rochester, MN Paul MD, Seattle, WA A. MD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Boston, MA PhD, MD, MD, Peter S. MD, Rochester, MN MD, New York, NY David MD, Salt Lake City, UT DO, Atlantis, FL S. Robert MD, New York, NY D. MD, Boston, MA Paul T. MD, Rochester, NY MD, VIC, Australia J. MD, CO MD, of S. MD, CA Robert MD, CA MS, India MS, CO MD, Jason MD, Palo Alto, CA Paul MD, OH A. MD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Rochester, MN James O. MD, Chapel Hill, NC J. MD, Seattle, WA PhD, Los Angeles, CA Daniel B. F. MD, PhD, Rochester, MN S. MS, India MD, MBA, NJ Jonathan MD, MBA, OH Peter MD, MSc, Daniel Robert DO, MS, Stephen PhD, Indianapolis, IN J. MD, WI MD, MN MD, Zurich, Switzerland C. MD, Burlington, VT DO, San CA MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA S. MD, Nashville, TN M. PhD, Rochester, NY MD, MS, New York, NY Michael MD, Kansas City, MO Stephen MD, Philadelphia, PA Ann R. MD, OH Michael MD, Columbia, MO MD, NJ MD, United Kingdom MD, CA R. MD, New York, NY PhD, New PA MD, Mexico City, Mexico John MD, Ryan MD, Jonathan N. MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, TX M. MBBS, MS(Orth), India B. PhD, CA S. MD, Boston, MA James MD, Peter F. MD, PA MD, New York, NY MBBS, MD, MS, CA MD, OH MD, CA William J. MD, Rochester, MN A. MD, CO B. MD, NC Alexander David FRCS(Tr&Orth), St. United Kingdom Michael MD, ON, Canada MD, of MD, VA MD, Philadelphia, PA MS(Orth), India MD, Charlottesville, VA MD, DO, MBA, NJ J. MD, Rochester, MN PhD, Canada MD, OH R. MD, MD, CA MD, MD, Robert R. Jr., MD, CA J. FL MD, TX Matthew J. MD, Columbia, MO Matthew V. MD, MSc, St. Louis, MO W. MD, CA PhD, IN MD, New CT MD, CA Daniel Jordan MD, CA S. MD, Galveston, TX David MD, FRACS, Australia Mark J. MD, FRCSC, Phoenix, AZ Luke MD, Jacksonville, FL John W. MD, Rochester, MN David MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Madison, WI MD, Los Angeles, CA PhD, Hamilton, ON, Canada D. MD, NC MD, St. Switzerland Michael S. MD, MD, MBA, Columbia, MD, MBA, OH MD, IN MD, Greece David R. MD, Philadelphia, PA Daniel PhD, New York, NY John W. MD, Hartford, CT Robert MD, Peter J. MD, OH James MD, MD, St. Louis, MO Alexander PhD, Burlington, VT Michael A. MD, Los Angeles, CA James MBBS, FRACS, VIC, Australia Robert J. MD, New York, NY Daniel J. MD, MS, TX MD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan J. MD, City, R. PhD, MD, Philadelphia, PA MBBS, India Michael D. MD, Portland, OR J. MD, PA MD, CA MD, Park, Julie A. MD, St. MN Michael DO, MI MD, MS, Minneapolis, MN J. MD, FRACS, VIC, Australia James MD, Nashville, TN MD, MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, New York, NY MD, MBA, Durham, NC F. MD, Hershey, PA David C. MD, City, C. MD, New York, NY MD, FL David C. MD, Minneapolis, MN N. MD, Chapel Hill, NC M. MD, Providence, RI MD, FRACS, Australia MD, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA MD, MBA, OH MBBS, PhD, George MD, OH Stephen R. MD, FRCSC, Jeffrey D. MD, Hartford, CT James MD, Los Angeles, CA DO, NY Paul MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Daniel MD, Boston, MA MD, PhD, ON, Canada MD, MA MD, WA MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, K. MD, New York, NY PhD, Worcester, MA MD, St. MN MD, MI MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, NY F. MD, Hershey, PA MD, Ann Arbor, MI MD, San CA K. de MD, PhD, Seattle, WA Ann E. MD, Minneapolis, MN J. PhD, Burlington, VT E. MD, Greece MD, MSc, BSc, Athens, Greece MD, CA Nicholas MD, OH Jonathan MD, New York, NY MD, New MD, MSc, MBA, PhD, New York, NY MD, Boston, MA Michael J. PhD, Matthew MD, CO J. MD, New York, NY James MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada E. PhD, TX R. MD, MD, Minneapolis, MN James MBBS, FRACS, Australia B. MD, St. Louis, MO W. MB ChB, United Kingdom Dean MD, CA PhD, New York, NY MD, PhD, MD, of MD, San CA Elizabeth MD, ON, Canada Daniel MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan Robert MD, NC D. MD, Allison Park, PA J. MD, St. Louis, MO David MD, St. MN Stephen C. MD, San CA John MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada D. MD, Akron, Steven MD, NJ MD, Iowa City, IA Syracuse, NY MD, PhD, France Daniel B. MD, MSc, ON, Canada MD, San Antonio, TX J. Michael MD, MI F. MD, New York, NY Zurich, Switzerland K. MD, IA MD, PhD, The W. MD, PhD, The Jeffrey PhD, NC A. PhD, K. MD, MD, PhD, PhD, TX MD, NC MS, PA MD, New York, NY MD, San CA Woods, MD, NJ PhD, MD, The MD, Boston, MA James MD, FRCSC, ON, Canada MD, W. MD, FL M. PhD, New York, NY MD, Minneapolis, MN James D. MD, Boston, MA PhD, MI MD, PhD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan MBBS, Koji PhD, MD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, City, Adam B. MD, PhD, MD, Seattle, WA J. MD, Pittsburgh, PA N. PhD, MI MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, MI MD, of MD, Japan MD, MB ChB, FRCSC, Canada PhD, V. DO, MS, Madison, WI Jay M. MD, Boston, MA MD, MD, Boston, MA MD, MD, San CA MD, Boston, MA MD, of MD, of MD, ON, Canada MD, PhD, New York, NY PhD, MD, of MD, PhD, AB, Canada PhD, Charlottesville, VA D. MD, New York, NY
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".