Catalytic and electrochemical evaluation of the role of metal oxides on Pd nano-catalysts for complete methane oxidation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Adding metal oxide (SnO 2 and ZnO) to Pd nanoparticles increased methane oxidation rate. • Addition of FeOx to Pd inhibits the reaction in oxidizing and strongly promotes in reducing conditions. • Electrochemical methods applied to study Pd-MOx oxidation state. • An opposite relationship between the catalytic rate of Pd-MOx and electrochemical response. Catalytic complete methane oxidation over Pd-MOx (MO x = SnO 2 , FeO x , and ZnO) nanoparticles deposited on YSZ solid electrolyte was evaluated for and compared to a monometallic Pd catalyst. To this end, the nanoparticles were synthesized via the polyol method and tested for methane oxidation in a temperature range from 200 to 475 °C under reducing, stoichiometric, and oxidizing reaction conditions in open-circuit conditions. The light-off experiments revealed that the presence of a second phase in the form of metal oxide (SnO 2 and ZnO) increased the catalytic rate of the reaction compared to monometallic palladium in all gas compositions. However, the addition of iron oxide to Pd showed a different behaviour, i.e., a strong inhibition of the reaction rate in the oxidizing and stoichiometric conditions and significant promotion in the reducing conditions. To gain an insight into the role of MO x in various conditions, the detailed electrochemical measurements were carried out at selected temperatures. The exchange current density ( i o ) of the electrochemical process at the three phase bpoundary was found to depend on the oxidation state of the catalyst, which in turn influences the catalytic rate of Pd-MO x . Overall, the addition of the cheaper oxide to Pd significantly promotes the catalytic reaction, and the inverse relation between the catalytic rate and i o was found in agreement with the electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) mechanism, where the lower exchange current density values correspond to the higher catalytic reaction rate of complete methane oxidaiton.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it