Production of Anthocyanin-Enriched Juices by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membrane Process: The Influence of Duration on Juice Composition, Process Efficiency, and Membrane Fouling
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Electrodialysis with Filtration Membrane (EDFM) system has shown promise in juice enrichment, but further optimization is needed. This study evaluated the effect of processing duration (3 and 6 h) on juice composition, process efficiency, and membrane fouling. Results demonstrated a significant impact of processing time on juice composition, especially anthocyanin and mineral content. Two anthocyanin-depleted juices (-18.94% and -30.70%) and two anthocyanin-enriched juices (26.21% and 44.21%) were produced. Similar energy (1512.13 Wh/g of anthocyanins) was required to migrate equivalent amounts of anthocyanins over both time periods, with no impediment due to fouling observed, although the system's resistance increased (2.5-fold after 3 h, 3.2-fold after 6 h). Membrane fouling was characterized through conductivity, thickness, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDX, and foulant identification. Minimal anthocyanin accumulation occurred on cation-exchange membranes (CEM), while anthocyanins and PACs concentrated within the filtering layer of filtration membranes (FM). However, fouling did not increase with longer processing. Structural alterations were noted in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), suggesting instability under high electric fields. Overall, EDFM effectively enriched cranberry juice with anthocyanins, but further research is necessary to address AEM degradation under limiting current density conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it