Focused shock wave and ultrasound therapies in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis - a randomized control trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent symptoms of lateral epicondylitis prompt patients to seek effective conservative treatment. The study aimed to determine the effects of focused shock wave (FSWT) and ultrasound therapies for lateral epicondylitis. Sixty patients with tennis elbow were randomly divided into three equal groups: A, B, and C. Group A received a total of 3 FSWT sessions, with 7 days between treatments; Group B received ultrasound therapy in 10 sessions over 2 weeks, while patients in Group C were treated with placebo ultrasound. All patients were also given deep friction massage. Before the start of therapy, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after its completion, pain intensity and function of the affected upper limb were assessed in all patients. Wrist extensor and flexor strength and grip strength were measured in the affected and unaffected limb. Significant reductions in pain and significant improvements in the function of the affected limb compared to baseline values were observed in all study groups at 6 and 12 weeks after the completion of therapy. Analysis of percentage changes in these variables showed significant differences between Groups A and B in favor of Group A. The strength of wrist extensors and grip strength of the affected limb at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment completion was significantly higher in Groups A and B compared to pre-therapy values. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding percentage changes in muscle strength in the affected limb. Pain reduction and function improvement in patients with lateral epicondylitis were significantly greater after FSWT (0.2 mJ/mm 2 / 4 Hz / 2000 shocks) than after sonotherapy (3 MHz / 0.5 W/cm 2 / 20%). Increases in wrist extensor strength and grip strength of the affected limb were comparable after both therapies. Given the greater therapeutic effect in the subjective evaluation, we recommend a combination therapy of FSWT with deep friction massage. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered in the ISRCTN registry (no. ISRCTN11907358 registration date 30.07.2020).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".