Battery State of Charge and State of Health Estimation Using a New Hybrid Deep Neural Network Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is driving advancements in battery management systems (BMS) to address challenges like cost and range anxiety, both tied to battery performance. This paper investigates various state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation methods, presenting a novel hybrid neural network that combines Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models. Our proposed method demonstrates significant improvements in SOH and SOC estimation accuracy, with minimal training data required. Key contributions include (1) a hybrid GRU-LSTM model improving SOC/SOH accuracy, (2) self-optimization capabilities, (3) effective handling of temperature variations without OCV-SOC lookup tables, and (4) its application to various lithium battery types. Experimental results show the method achieves an RMSE of 2% and MAE of 1.7% for SOC, and an RMSE of 0.65% and MAE of 0.85% for SOH across a temperature range of −10°C to 40°C. These results indicate a reliable and cost-effective approach for BEV battery management, contributing to the wider adoption of sustainable transportation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".