Regional ionospheric delay correction model for single frequency PPP users in Turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ionospheric delay is the major challenge for Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP) users. Therefore, a number of organizations have developed ionospheric delay correction products including the International GNSS Service Global Ionospheric Map (IGS-GIM). Unfortunately, however, the IGS-GIM has a limited spatiotemporal resolution, which in turn limits the PPP accuracy. To overcome this limitation, we develop a regional ionospheric delay correction model for SF-PPP users in Turkey. The developed model has spatial and temporal resolutions of 1º×1º and 15 minutes, respectively. GNSS observations from 6 IGS and EUREF reference stations surrounding Turkey are processed using the PPP module in the Bernese 5.2 software package. The resulting model is tested for PPP applications in Turkey. The PPP positioning accuracy and convergence time obtained through the developed model are assessed and compared with those obtained through the IGS-GIM counterparts. The results reveal that the developed regional ionospheric model is found superior to the IGS-GIM model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".