The Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean – the world's longest submarine ridge of continental origin: outline of the history of exploration, morphology, sediment deposition and exhumation of the North American and Central ridge segments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We accessed the North American Segment of the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean during a 12-month hovercraft expedition on drifting sea ice and revisited legacy seismic data to explore the geological history of the ridge. Seismic reflection images on the North American Segment resemble the acoustic reflection sequence calibrated by scientific drilling at the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) site on the Central Segment of the ridge, although the thickness of the Cenozoic sediment section is reduced to 70%. A base-Cenozoic unconformity is present north of c. 88° 30′ N and older sediments dip towards the Makarov Basin along the entire ridge segment. During the Eocene, sediment drifts were deposited along the flanks on top of the North American Segment north of 87° N as well as next to the ACEX drill site on the Central Segment of the ridge. Two local sediment lenses deposited at the Canadian end of the Lomonosov Ridge document local ridge uplift events at c. 56 and 48 Ma during the Eurekan Orogeny. Compressional velocity gradients derived from published seismic reflection/refraction measurements are consistent with 1–3 km of Cretaceous–early Cenozoic exhumation of an up to 500 km wide swath of continental crust along the polar continental margin, including the Lomonosov Ridge, Svalbard and Franz Josef Land.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".