Grapevine trunk disease fungi: their roles as latent pathogens and stress factors that favour disease development and symptom expression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are major biotic factors reducing yields and limiting vineyard economic life spans. Fungi in the GTD complex cause a range of symptoms in host plants, although these pathogens are slow wood colonizers and potentially latent pathogens. Understanding has recently increased on the possible roles that GTD fungi may play as latent pathogens, and how this can be translated into disease management. This paper summarizes evidence for the latent nature of infections by these fungi in grapevines and other hosts. Abiotic and biotic stressors have been associated with symptom expression in many hosts, but limited information is available regarding their roles in symptom development in grapevines. Based on research conducted in other pathosystems, this review discusses how abiotic and/or biotic stress factors may influence the transition from the endophytic to the pathogenic phases for GTD fungi. Potential methods for stress mitigation are also outlined as alternative GTD control strategies to minimize the economic impacts that that these diseases have on grape production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".