The Incidence of Postpartum Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known contributors to lifelong mental health challenges. Despite studies linking ACEs to increased risk of adverse postpartum mental health outcomes, a systematic review on the occurrence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women with ACEs is lacking. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in seven databases to retrieve studies from inception to January 31, 2024. A random-effects model was used to quantify weighted estimates of postpartum PTSD incidence. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the system review. One study was identified as an outlier and excluded from the meta-analysis. Among the six remaining studies, 1186 women exposed to ACEs were identified, with 249 of them experiencing postpartum PTSD. The estimated incidence of postpartum PTSD among women exposed to ACEs was 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.1%-29.8%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant variations in incidence depending on study settings (p < 0.01) and PTSD assessment methods (p < 0.01). Due to multicollinearity among the primary variables, a meta-regression to identify factors influencing study heterogeneity was not conducted. CONCLUSION: The incidence of postpartum PTSD was 22.6% in women with ACEs, higher than that observed in the general obstetric population. This finding suggests the need to provide comprehensive postpartum care for these women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".