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Autonomous Ping Pong Ball Collector

2024· article· en· W4404057589 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicIndustrial Automation and Control Systems
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPing pongBall (mathematics)Computer scienceComputer graphics (images)MathematicsGeometry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper aims to document and showcase the process of a final-year Computer Engineering Capstone project at Toronto Metropolitan University. The goal was to create a fully autonomous vehicle capable of detecting and collecting scattered ping pong balls across a flat plane through the use of computer vision, machine learning and computer engineering. This involved several key components such as collecting an image dataset through a high res camera, training a machine learning model on said dataset using the Mobilenet SSD V2 neural network architecture for the purposes of object detection, assembling and integrating hardware components such as motors and servos with their respective wirings and power management, working with NVIDIA Jetson Nano and it's interfaces, and using python/C++ to program scripts to help coordinate all of the different functions. This project was a collaborative effort that involved the integration of these different software and hardware components, and this paper attempts to concisely highlight the technical details of each component and explain how it integrates with the rest of the system in order to achieve the goal of autonomously collecting ping pong balls. Upon completion of the capstone term, the project was deemed a success and was demonstrated to the respective FLC, and was shown at the capstone showcase at Toronto Metropolitan University.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.941
Threshold uncertainty score0.927

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.191
Teacher spread0.183 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it