IoT Based Sensing for Assessing Ambient Environmental Conditions and Air Quality Influences on Avian Vocal Behavior and Diversity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study introduces a new approach to monitoring avian diversity and vocal behavior, as well as assessing their responses to environmental factors using IoT-based sensors. We utilized BirdNet, a deep learning model for identifying bird species by their vocalizations, to data from our MINTS-AI environmental sensors deployed across Dallas, Texas. The study investigates how ambient temperature, humidity, light intensity, and particulate matter concentrations affect bird behavior. The results show a positive correlation between bird diversity and temperature during winter, with a Pearson coefficients of 0.65 (2023) and 0.80 (2024), and R2 values of 0.43 and 0.64, respectively. In contrast, during summer, a negative correlation was found with Pearson coefficients of -0.63 (2023) and -0.34 (2024), with corresponding R2 values of 0.40 and 0.11. Machine learning models further highlighted species such as the Northern Mockingbird and Mississippi Kite as particularly sensitive to temperature changes. Humidity analysis revealed significant correlations of vocal activity for species like the Canada Goose and House Finch, indicating that vocal activity may depend on moisture levels. Light intensity also showed strong influences on species such as the Northern Mockingbird and Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, linking variations in light to vocal behavior. However, no significant relationship was found between particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and bird behavior. This methodology offers a new way to explore the effects of climate change on bird behavior over time, given adequate long-term data. These findings emphasize the important role of environmental changes in shaping bird populations and their ecological interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".