Charles West, <i>The Fall of a Carolingian Kingdom: Lotharingia, 855–869</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2023, x, 236 pp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book offers a refreshing approach to the history of Lotharingia during the brief reign of Lothar II (855–869). Rather than providing a narrative account of Lothar II’s turbulent tenure, Charles West presents annotated translations of twenty-two primary sources related in one way or another to the political culture of his age. These range from royal charters, papal and episcopal letters, and aristocratic wills to material culture, like coins and luxury manuscripts. Accompanying each translation is a learned and lucid introduction that situates the source in its political and cultural context, and discusses the limits of what it can and cannot tell us about Lothar II’s reign. The result is an intimate and enlightening foray into the history of the short-lived kingdom of Charlemagne’s ill-fated great-grandson.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".