<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Yb</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Mo</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> connecting electrodes for tandem organic semiconductor devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports that ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ stacks can be used effectively as a connecting electrode, enabling highly efficient tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The current efficiency of these tandem OLEDs more than doubles, from approximately 90 to 200 cd/A, compared to the single-layer devices. Additionally, this connecting electrode introduces little increase in the tandem OLED driving voltage, maintaining a value close to the sum of two single-layer devices. However, the energy-level alignments measured by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy show significant energy barriers in the ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ stack. Analysis using photoemission measurements revealed the presence of gap states in the oxide stack and a high differential work function, 2.28 vs 6.38 eV on each side of the ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ stack. Variable-temperature current-voltage measurements on ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ stacks revealed that the gap states behave like Anderson-Mott localized quantum states, which form efficient hopping conduction paths for electrons and holes. These findings demonstrate that the gap states in electrodes can be effectively used to transport charges in tandem semiconductor devices.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.698 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".