Neoichnology of a Lake Margin in the Canadian Aspen Parkland Region, Cooking Lake, Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neoichnology provides insights essential for interpreting trace fossils in the rock record. Despite the wealth of studies conducted in marine nearshore environments, non-marine environments including lacustrine settings have received comparably little attention. Moreover, previous neoichnological studies of lakes are restricted to arid, semi-arid, tropical, and alkaline lakes, and there is a gap in knowledge of lakes in higher latitudes. The lake biome is controlled by multiple biotic and abiotic factors, and it is essential to compare lakes at different environmental settings to have a fuller understanding of lacustrine ichnology. Herein, we report on a trace assemblage comprising both invertebrate and vertebrate tracemakers in a natural lake situated within Canadian Aspen Parkland. Using detailed observations and photogrammetry, traces made by invertebrates such as fly larvae, beetles, and slugs, and (vertebrate) shorebirds are documented. Comparisons with current ichnofacies models show that these temperate latitude trace assemblages do not fully conform to the archetypal Mermia or Scoyenia Ichnofacies. For instance, fieldwork reveals a predominance of diminutive, penetrative burrows and simple surface trails that differ from the archetypal lacustrine ichnofacies. The study highlights the impact of environmental factors, such as water saturation and seasonal changes, on trace formation and preservation, providing insights into the ichnological characteristics of high-latitude lakes. These findings contribute to palaeoenvironmental interpretations and underscore the need for further research on the ichnology of forested lake systems, especially across different seasons and geographical settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".