Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Powered by renewable electricity, electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) offers a sustainable route for the production of fuels and chemicals that are traditionally produced from fossil fuels. However, designing and developing an efficient electrocatalyst for CO 2 -to-C 2+ product conversion remains challenging. Here, a gold-copper tandem catalyst electrode design is introduced that leverages the structural effects of a wrinkled morphology to improve the CO 2 R selectivity and activity in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The wrinkled electrode structure significantly increases the electrochemical active surface area, resulting in enhanced CO 2 R current density for both the singular wrinkled gold and wrinkled copper electrodes. Specifically, there is a 130% increase in partial current density towards CO for a wrinkled gold electrode versus planar gold electrode at -0.7 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (V RHE ), and a 50% increase in partial current density for C 2+ products for a wrinkled copper electrode at -1.05 V RHE compared to a planar copper electrode. A wrinkled gold-copper tandem electrode further enhances the partial current density of C 2+ products by an additional 60% beyond that of the wrinkled copper electrode (at -1.05 V RHE ), illustrating the synergistic effect of the three-dimensional wrinkled morphology combined with tandem catalysis. Tafel plot analysis revealed effective mass transport for C 2+ product generation on the optimized wrinkled gold-copper tandem electrode, attributed to the local *CO production by the tandem catalyst, facilitating enhanced C-C coupling on the copper catalyst compared to a purely copper based electrode. Experimental results show that the design and manipulation of the morphology of the tandem catalyst electrode achieved via step-by-step optimization can significantly enhance the selectivity and activity of the catalyst in converting CO 2 to desired fuels and chemicals. • Wrinkling increases the electrochemical active surface area by at least 5 times • Local production of *CO enhances C 2+ product formation compared to pure copper • Wrinkled tandem catalyst showed 60% higher C 2+ partial current density. • Wrinkled tandem catalyst enabled effective mass transport for C 2+ product generation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".