Fifty years of initial teacher education in Portugal: looking back, looking forward
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper looks at Initial Teacher Education (ITE) over the last 50 years in Portugal (1974–2024). This is especially significant as 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of democracy in the country happily coinciding with the Golden Jubilee of the Journal of Education for Teaching. ITE policy development over the last five decades has generally been positive, particularly regarding the professionalisation of teachers through the recognition of ITE at higher education level, the accreditation of ITE programmes, the adoption of a master’s degree as the required level of professional qualification for all sectors of education (from pre-school to secondary school), and the role of higher education institutions in the education of teachers. However,a number of drawbacks can also been identified including the fragmentation of ITE curriculum components as a result of the Bologna process and the adoption of a sequential model, as well as, more recently, a reduction in foundational courses and the introduction of more ‘flexible’ ways to enter teaching within the context of a teacher shortage. The threats and opportunities in such a scenario are explored and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it