Investigation of crop straw for edible and medicinal fungi cultivation: Assessment of lignocellulose preprocessing and spent substrate biofuel properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pretreatment with white-rot fungi has advantages of low inputs of energy and chemicals for reducing the recalcitrance of woody biomass for cellulosic ethanol production. This study investigated the effects of substrates ranging from wood to wheat straw on edible and medicinal fungi production, lignocellulose degradation, cellulose saccharification and ethanolic fermentation of the produced hydrolysates. Shiitake cultivation resulted in the most substantial degradation of lignin and xylan. Reishi produced a selective degradation pattern in terms of preferential xylan removal. Oyster had poor performance in lignocellulose degradation. Shiitake and reishi had high reactivity of S-lignin. The strong recalcitrance of >10 % wheat straw addition for mushroom cultivation might be attributed to the low S:G ratio of the substrates. Compared with the substrate comprising a single hardwood, 10 % wheat straw addition optimised the integration process, resulting in a generally comparable fruiting body yield and higher lignocellulose degradation. The shiitake-based and reishi-based spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) contained ∼21 % glucan, which released 84.4 % and 33.5 % of potentially achievable glucose upon enzymatic saccharification, respectively. The SMS hydrolysates ensured ethanol yields corresponding to 78.0 %–83.2 % of the theoretical value in fermentation. The lignocellulose degradation–derived by-products following the fungal pretreatment showed a notable difference compared with thermochemical methods and might cause inhibitory effects on yeast. This study provides valuable insights into the cause of crop straws’s inhibition of white-rot fungi production and reveals the potential of fungal pretreatment as a biorefinery approach producing food and biofuel. • Edible and medicinal white rot fungi were studied for lignocellulose bioconversion. • 10 % wheat straw led to comparable mushroom yield but higher lignocellulose reduction. • Shiitake and reishi had a high reactivity of S-lignin. • Maximal glucan digestibility in shiitake-and reishi-based SMS reached 84.4 and 33.5 %. • Lignocellulose degradation by-products might cause inhibitory effects on fermentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".