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Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>lepton</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>jets</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> events from proton-proton collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math>
Aram Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, Janik Walter Andrejkovic, L. Benato, T. Bergauer, K. Damanakis, M. Dragicevic, Priya Sajid Hussain, M. Jeitler, Natascha Krammer, A. Li, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, D. Schwarz, M. Sonawane, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, X. Janssen, T. Van Laer, P. Van Mechelen, Nordin Breugelmans, Jorgen D'Hondt, Soumya Dansana, A. De Moor, M. Delcourt, Felix Heyen, Steven Lowette, I. Makarenko, D. Müller, S. Tavernier, M. Tytgat, G. P. Van Onsem, S. Van Putte, D. Vannerom, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, Aloke Kumar Das, I. De Bruyn, G. De Lentdecker, Hugues Evard, L. Favart, P. Gianneios, J. Jaramillo, Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh, Fakhri Alam Khan, Kyeongpil Lee, A. Malara, S. Paredes, Muhammad Aamir Shahzad, Laurent Thomas, M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, M. De Coen, D. Dobur, G. Gökbulut, Yanwen Hong, J. Knolle, Luka Lambrecht, David Marckx, K. Mota Amarilo, K. Skovpen, N. Van Den Bossche, Jan van der Linden, Liam Wezenbeek, A. Benecke, A. Bethani, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, Ahmet Oguz Guzel, Sandhya Jain, Vincent Lemaître, J. Lidrych, Paola Mastrapasqua, T. T. Tran, S. Turkcapar, G. A. Alves, E. Coelho, G. Correia Silva, C. Hensel, T. Menezes De Oliveira, C. Mora Herrera, P. Rebello Teles, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, A. Vilela Pereira, W. L. Aldá Júnior, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damião, S. Fonseca De Souza, Raphael Gomes De Souza, Tulio Laux Kuhn, Matheus Macedo, J. Martins, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, Joao Pedro Pinheiro, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, Mauricio Thiel, C. A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, Isabela Maietto Silvério, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Breno Orzari, Sandra S. Padula, А. Александров, G. Antchev, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, Sumit Keshri, David Nicolas Laroze Navarrete, S. Thakur, Tongguang Cheng, Tahir Javaid, L. Yuan, Z. Hu, Zhengchen Liang, Jinfeng Liu, Guo-Ming Chen, He-Sheng Chen, Mingshui Chen, F. Iemmi, Chun-Hua Jiang, Anshul Kapoor, H. Liao, Zhenan Liu, R. Sharma, Jianing Song, J. Tao, Jin Wang, Zebing Wang, Huaqiao Zhang, Jingzhou Zhao, Antonis Agapitos, Y. Ban, Sen Deng, Botao Guo, C. H. Jiang, Andrew Levin, Congqiao Li, Q. Li, Yajun Mao, Sitian Qian, Si-Jin Qian, Xuelong Qin, X. Sun, D. Wang, Heng Yang, L. Zhang, Yuzhe Zhao, Chen Zhou, S. Yang, Z. You, K. Jaffel, Nan Lu, Gerry Bauer, Bolin Li, Jingqing Zhang, Yuji Li, Zhen Lin, Chenfeng Lu, Meng Xiao, C. Ávila, Diego Andres Barbosa Trujillo, Andrés Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, Jose Antonio Reyes Vega, F. Ramirez, César Rendón, Manuel Rodríguez, Anderson Alexis Ruales Barbosa, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, D. Giljanović, N. Godinović, Damir Lelas, Ana Sculac, M. Kovac, Andro Petkovic, T. Sculac, P. Bargassa, V. Brigljević, B. K. Chitroda, D. Ferenček, K. Jakovčić, A. Starodumov, Tatjana Susa, A. Attikis, K. Christoforou, Andreas Hadjiagapiou, Christos Leonidou, J. Mousa, Charalambos Nicolaou, Leonidas Paizanos, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, Hans Rykaczewski, H. Saka, A. Stepennov, М. Фингер, М. Фингер, A. Kveton, E. Carrera Jarrin, Yasser Assran, B. El-mahdy, Sherif Elgammal, A. Muhammad, M. A. Mahmoud, K. Ehatäht, M. Kadastik, T. Lange, Saswati Nandan, C. Nielsen, L. Tani, Christian Veelken, H. Kirschenmann, K. Österberg, M. Voutilainen, S. Bharthuar, N. Bin Norjoharuddeen, E. Brücken, F. García, Patin Inkaew, Kimmo Samuli Kallonen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, M. Myllymäki, M. m. Rantanen, H. Siikonen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, Henri Petrow, F. Couderc, M. Déjardin, D. Denegri, Jean-Louis Faure, F. Ferri, Serguei Ganjour, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, V. Lohezic, J. Malclès, Francesco Orlandi, L. Portales, A. Rosowsky, Mehmet Özgür Sahin, Aurore Savoy-Navarro, P. Simkina, M. Titov, Marta Tornago, F. Beaudette, G. Boldrini, P. Busson, A. Cappati, C. Charlot, Marco Chiusi, Théo Damien Cuisset, F. Damas, O. Davignon, A. De Wit, Isaac Telford Ehle, Bruno Afonso Fontana Santos Alves, Shamik Ghosh, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, B. Harikrishnan, Lida Kalipoliti, G. Liu, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, R. Salerno, J. B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, L. Urda Gómez, E. Vernazza, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, Jean-Laurent Agram, J. Andreä, D. Apparu, D. Blöch, Jean-Marie Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, S. Falke, U. Goerlach, Raphael Haeberle, Anne-Catherine Le Bihan, M. Meena, Océane Poncet, G. Saha, Mario Antoine Sessini, P. Van Hove, Paul Vaucelle, A. Di Florio, David Amram, S. Beauceron, B. Blancon, G. Boudoul, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, C. Dozen, Houmani El Mamouni, Jean Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, Christopher Greenberg, Gérald Grenier, B. Ille, Elise Jourd'Huy, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perriès, A. Purohit, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, J. Xiao, A. Khvedelidze, I. Lomidze, Z. Tsamalaidze, V. Botta, S. Consuegra Rodŕıguez, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, D. Pérez Adán, N. Röwert, M. Teroerde, S. Diekmann, A. Dodonova, N. Eich, D. Eliseev, F. Engelke, J. Erdmann, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, Benjamin Fischer, T. Hebbeker, K. Höepfner, F. Ivone, Ming-Yan Lee, Florian Mausolf, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, Swagata Mukherjee, D. Noll, Fabian Nowotny, A. Pozdnyakov, Yannik Rath, W. Redjeb, Florian Rehm, H. Reithler, Valentina Sarkisovi, A. Schmidt, Chinmay Seth, Archana Sharma, Jan Lukas Späh, A. Stein, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, S. Wiedenbeck, Shawn Zaleski, C. Dziwok, Günter Flügge, T. Kress, A. Nowack, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, A. Zotz, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, J. Alimena, S. Amoroso, Y. An, Jorn Bach, S. Baxter, M. Bayatmakou, H. Becerril Gonzalez, O. Behnke, Alberto Belvedere, F. Blekman, K. Borras, Alan Campbell, A. Cardini, Chun Cheng, F. Colombina, G. Eckerlin, Doris Eckstein, L. I. Estevez Banos, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, Valentina Guglielmi, M. Guthoff, A. Hinzmann, L. Jeppe, B. Kaech, M. Kasemann, C. Kleinwort, R. Kogler, M. Komm, D. Krücker, Wolfgang Lange, D. Leyva Pernía, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, Florian Lorkowski, R. Mankel, Isabell-Alissandra Melzer-Pellmann, Mikel Mendizabal Morentin, A. B. Meyer, G. Milella, Keila Moral Figueroa, A. Mussgiller, Lakshmi Priya Nair, J. Niedziela, A. Nürnberg, Younes Otarid, J. Park, Evan Ranken, A. Raspereza, Daniil Rastorguev, Jonas Rübenach, Lovisa Rygaard, A. Saggio, Moritz Scham, Simon Schnake, Paul Schütze, C. Schwanenberger, Daria Selivanova, Konstantin Sharko, M. Shchedrolosiev, Dominic Stafford, F. Vazzoler, A. Ventura Barroso, R. Walsh, Di Wang, Katarzyna Wichmann, Lucas Wiens, Christoph Wissing, Y. Yang, A. Zimermmane Castro Santos, A. Albrecht, S. Albrecht, M. Antonello, Samuel Bein, Sven Bollweg, M. Bonanomi, Patrick Connor, K. El Morabit, Yannick Fischer, E. Garutti, A. Grohsjean, J. Haller, Daniel Hundhausen, H. R. Jabusch, Gregor Kasieczka, Philip Keicher, R. Klanner, W. Korcari, T. Krämer, Chin-chia Kuo, V. Kutzner, F. Labe, J. Lange, Artur Lobanov, C. Matthies, L. Moureaux, Malte Mrowietz, A. Nigamova, Yuval Nissan, A. Paasch, Karla Josefina Pena Rodriguez, Tobias Quadfasel, B. Raciti, M. Rieger, D. Savoiu, J. Schindler, P. Schleper, M. Schröder, J. Schwandt, M. Sommerhalder, Hartmut Stadie, G. Steinbrück, Alexandra Tews, Bogdan Wiederspan, M. Wolf, S. Brommer, E. Butz, T. Chwalek, Alexander Dierlamm, Alexander Droll, Umut Elicabuk, N. Faltermann, M. Giffels, A. Gottmann, Frank Hartmann, Robin Hofsaess, M. Horzela, U. Husemann, J. Kieseler, M. Klute, R. Koppenhöfer, Olha Lavoryk, J. M. Lawhorn, Marco Link, A. Lintuluoto, S. Maier, S. Mitra, M. Mormile, Thomas Müller, Max Neukum, M. Oh, E. Pfeffer, M. Presilla, Gunter Quast, K. Rabbertz, B. Regnery, Nikita Shadskiy, Ivan Shvetsov, H. J. Simonis, Lars Sowa, Lea Stockmeier, Komal Tauqeer, M. Toms, N. Trevisani, R. F. Von Cube, M. Wassmer, Sebastian Wieland, F. Wittig, R. Wolf, X. Zuo, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, A. Kyriakis, Alkiviadis Papadopoulos, A. Stakia, P. Kontaxakis, Georgios Melachroinos, Zacharias Painesis, Ioanna Papavergou, I. Paraskevas, Niki Saoulidou, K. Theofilatos, E. Tziaferi, Konstantinos Vellidis, I. Zisopoulos, Georgios Bakas, Theodoros Chatzistavrou, Georgia Karapostoli, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, Eirini Siamarkou, Georgios Tsipolitis, Anna Zacharopoulou, Ioannis Bestintzanos, I. Evangelou, Costas Foudas, Christos Kamtsikis, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, P. G. Kosmoglou Kioseoglou, Nikolaos Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas, Csaba Hajdu, Dezso Horvath, Krisztina Márton, Attila József Rádl, Ferenc Sikler, V. Veszprémi, M. Csanád, K. Farkas, Anna Fehérkuti, M. M. A. Gadallah, Ármin Kadlecsik, P. Major, G. Pásżtor, G. I. Veres, Balazs Ujvari, G. Zilizi, Gyorgy Bencze, S. Czellár, József Molnár, Z. Szillási, Frigyes Nemes, T. Novák, S. Bansal, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, G. Chaudhary, N. Dhingra, A. Kaur, Harjot Kaur, M. Kaur, Tanvi Sheokand, Suchandra Dutta, S. Verma, Samarendra Nayak, D. Piccolo, S. W. Lee, Soohwan Lee, J. Lee, Unki Yang, Yunjae Lee, S. Ha, V. Wachirapusitanand, Alexander Howard, A. Khan, Emma Pearson, G. De Castro, Delano Campos, A. Nunez Del Prado, Robert Clare, J. W. Gary, J. Letts, Mohd Meraj Hussain, S. Stoynev, J. Wang, G. Oh, Jean-Pierre Merlo, I. Israr
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalUniversité Catholique de LouvainFonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’AgricultureFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronEuropean Research CouncilFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeQatar National Research FundUniversity of Colorado BoulderWigner Fizikai Kutatóközpont, Magyar Tudományos AkadémiaLaboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo del Sureste de MexicoCentro Svizzero di Calcolo ScientificoInstituto de Física de CantabriaMinistry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, ThailandNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalAcademy of FinlandLietuvos Mokslų AkademijaBrunel University LondonUniversity of GlasgowChulalongkorn UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityUniversity of IoanninaUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMinistarstvo Znanosti, Obrazovanja i SportaCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesFermilabA.G. Leventis FoundationBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaInstitute for Research in Fundamental SciencesAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungMinistry of Business, Innovation and EmploymentMinistry of Education and ScienceUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíShota Rustaveli National Science FoundationMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog RazvojaUniversiti MalayaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do SulOrta Doğu Teknik ÜniversitesiMagyar Tudományos AkadémiaJoint Institute for Nuclear ResearchGeneral Secretariat for Research and TechnologyBulgarian National Science FundH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsMinistry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónQuaid-i-Azam UniversityConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineUniversity of BristolOpetus- ja KulttuuriministeriöBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiInstitute of High Energy PhysicsNarodowe Centrum NaukiUniversity of California, San DiegoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSAustrian Science FundCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueKementerian Pendidikan MalaysiaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroKyungpook National UniversityNational Science CouncilFonds National de la Recherche LuxembourgLatvijas Zinātnes PadomeMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaIzglītības un zinātnes ministrijaMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungHellenic Foundation for Research and InnovationMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEuropean CommissionBeijing Municipal Science and Technology CommissionFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloChinese Academy of SciencesDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftAgentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en TechnologieHelsinki Institute of PhysicsTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaWelch FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología e InnovaciónImperial College LondonHelmholtz-GemeinschaftNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterRoyal Holloway, University of LondonMinistry of Science,Technology and ResearchKavli FoundationSan Diego Supercomputer CenterKeemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika InstituutBundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und ForschungSecretaría de Educación PúblicaTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma KurumuRutherford Appleton LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUniversity of FloridaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNvidiaAlfred P. Sloan FoundationBaylor UniversityNational Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Research Foundation of KoreaFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPakistan Atomic Energy CommissionCalifornia Institute of TechnologyU.S. Department of EnergyUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnNational Science FoundationPurdue UniversityCERNMinistry of Education, IndiaVanderbilt UniversityUniversity of OxfordSecretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e InnovaciónKorea Institute of Science and Technology InformationEuropean Regional Development FundEuropean Cooperation in Science and TechnologyWeston Havens FoundationQueen Mary University of LondonScience Foundation IrelandTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma KurumuDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India
KeywordsPhysicsLeptonParticle physicsProtonNuclear physicsPolarization (electrochemistry)Quantum entanglementQuarkElectronChemistryQuantum
Abstract
Measurements of the polarization and spin correlation in top quark pairs ( tt¯ ) are presented using events with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data from the LHC at s=13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 . All coefficients of the polarization vectors and the spin correlation matrix are extracted simultaneously by performing a binned likelihood fit to the data. The measurement is performed inclusively and in bins of additional observables, such as the mass of the tt¯ system and the top quark scattering angle in the tt¯ rest frame. The measured polarization and spin correlation are in agreement with the standard model. From the measured spin correlation, conclusions on the tt¯ spin entanglement are drawn by applying the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The standard model predicts entangled spins for tt¯ states at the production threshold and at high masses of the tt¯ system. Entanglement is observed for the first time in events at high tt¯ mass, where a large fraction of the tt¯ decays are spacelike separated, with an expected and observed significance of above 5 standard deviations. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.034
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.309
Teacher spread0.283 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations34
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes