INNV-22. CEREBELLOPONTINE EPIDERMOID CYST TO SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, LEPTOMENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Intracranial epidermoid cysts (EDC) are rare, slow-growing, congenital tumors, that generally follow a benign course. EDCs have a rare potential for transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We present a case of a malignant EDC transformation to SCC with leptomeningeal (LM) dissemination. METHODS Case report and review of literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old female presented for evaluation of left-sided tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss, which revealed a left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor. She underwent a subtotal resection at age 47. One year later, she had rapid symptomatic recurrence of the cyst, as well as LM deposits of the right internal acoustic canal bundle, the left trigeminal nerve, and along the lumbar and sacral spine. She underwent repeat resection of the CPA lesion, with pathology now consistent with SCC, with CDKN2A loss. She received focal radiation therapy at the posterior fossa and the lumbar spine. SCC-directed chemotherapy with pembrolizumab and carboplatin followed by 5 cycles of pembrolizumab monotherapy was given as adjuvant therapy, prior to her developing symptomatic LM disease. CONCLUSION Malignant transformation of intracranial EDC is a rare occurrence in these typically benign tumours. Prognosis is especially poor when there is associated LM involvement, with median survival noted to be 10 months. Awareness of this phenomenon amongst clinicians is needed to ensure appropriate surveillance and aggressive treatment if it remains within patient wishes, though there is no consensus on recommendations for treatment. The patient presented has maintained disease stability with LM dissemination for over 10 months and ongoing, with a regimen of chemoradiotherapy informed by therapeutic approach to systemic SCC. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EDC to SCC transformation and LM dissemination stabilized with chemoradiotherapy using an immune-checkpoint inhibitor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".