A Novel Sinusoidal Extended Phase Shift Modulation With Minimal Loss for Single-Stage Onboard Chargers for Electrical Vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single-stage onboard chargers (SSOBCs) are increasingly gaining attention because of their high power density and reliability. However, achieving high efficiency within a wide operating range while maintaining the unity power factor (PF) remains unsolved due to the single-stage structure. The difficulty is twofold. First, the full-range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) achievement at a wide operating range is challenging, which causes high switching loss. Second, sinusoidal input voltage leads to a high inductor current, which increases conduction loss. To address the aforementioned issues, this article presents an adaptive sinusoidal extended phase shift (ASEPS) modulation technique with a high PF for SSOBCs to minimize power loss and increase efficiency. First, aiming to minimize the switching loss, the proposed extended phase shift introduces one more degree of freedom in the secondary bridge to extend the ZVS technique range and flexibility, especially at a wide operating range. Then, combined with the ZVS condition, the minimal peak current optimization is presented to minimize the inductor current, which reduces conduction loss. Experimental results in a 6-kW silicon carbide-based SSOBC prototype verify that the proposed ASEPS technique increases efficiency by 1.7% compared to the existing pulsewidth modulation and by 0.6% compared to the nonextended modulation strategy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".