Disrupted development in fathead minnow embryos exposed to wetland waters from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess aquatic toxicity of natural wetlands in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) of northern Alberta, fifteen collected water samples were tested for their ability to affect survival and development of fathead minnow embryos. Wetland waters were also assessed for toxicants from natural oil sands bitumen deposits (Na, Cl, metals, naphthenic acids (NAs), naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkylated PAHs). Water samples from four wetlands caused toxicity to fish embryos. The most potent wetland water, HAT-S5, caused significantly decreased hatch success, decreased time-to-hatch, decreased embryonic heart rate and increased deformities (60 % vs controls 2 %). Exposure to wetland waters from Saline Lake (where conductivity was 2320 μS/cm and Na was high) resulted in fish with increased deformities (58 % vs controls 2 %) that were not the results of high conductivity alone. Two other wetland waters (Gateway Bridge and Crane Lake) also disrupted development in fathead minnow embryos. These combined findings suggest that for natural wetland waters causing effects in fish embryos, toxicants other than salinity/conductivity/ions were responsible for the observed effects. The general water chemistry of most wetlands was unremarkable. However, the most potent wetland, HATS5-wtl is a naturally occurring wetland with possible connections to ground water that makes contact with bitumen. The assessment of the toxicity and chemicals present in natural wetlands provides background data for future studies and for design of restoration wetlands for oil sands mining-disturbed landscapes. • Chemistry and toxicity studied in wetland waters from the oil sands area of Alberta. • Wetland water chemistry measured salts, metals, NAs, NAFCs, and PAHs. • Fathead minnow embryos were affected by 4 of 15 wetland waters. • Most common effects were decreased heart rates and increased deformity rates. • Highest oil sands chemicals found in opportunistic wetlands near mining/bitumen.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".