Rethinking single-use plastic (SUP): Behavioural insights and lessons from a developing nation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past sixty years, single-use plastic (SUP) waste has emerged as a critical environmental issue globally, with Vietnam ranking among the top contributors to ocean and landfill pollution. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of voluntary SUP packaging reduction initiatives in Vietnam, drawing comparisons with international practices through a rapid evidence review and semi-structured interviews with Vietnamese practitioners. Using Bragge et al.’s (2023) evaluation framework, this study identified eight exemplary initiatives: four promoting reusable packaging (through deposit systems, return programs, and refill schemes) and four recycling efforts (using door-to-door collection, voluntary drop-off points, and incentive schemes) in countries such as the Netherlands, Australia, Spain, and Canada. These international initiatives highlight the effectiveness of consumer incentives, stakeholder collaboration, and digital tracking technologies in facilitating behaviour change. In contrast, semi-structured interviews with five Vietnamese practitioners revealed critical challenges, including insufficient government support, inadequate infrastructure, high costs, and the dominance of plastic packaging options, which complicate the implementation of SUP strategies in Vietnam. However, Vietnamese practitioners also noted enabling factors, such as growing consumer awareness, regional green initiatives, and sustainable branding, community support for SUP alternatives. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions in developing contexts, suggesting that Vietnam could benefit from enhanced government infrastructure, financial support, and technology integration to improve SUP outcomes. For practitioners, this study provides actionable insights on leveraging consumer engagement and collaborative frameworks to support sustainable practices. Future research should investigate the long-term effectiveness of such interventions within Vietnam's specific socioeconomic landscape, providing data to inform policy and drive practical improvements in SUP strategies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it