All-graphite microchannel microbial fuel cells with high-power generation and conversion efficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we present a new “all-graphite” concept in microfluidic fuel cells, applied to microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The all-graphite microfluidic MFCs were fabricated by milling channels directly into the electrodes. Two such electrode channels were affixed face-to-face with separation by an ion exchange membrane to form a complete MFC. Three such MFCs were fabricated with simple straight channels having different channel heights and activated with pure culture anaerobic Geobacter sulfurreducens electroactive biofilm. After the proof-of-principle and correlation between the channel height and electroactive biofilm thickness, we demonstrated improvements on power and current outputs using a fourth design, which featured a high surface area provided by pillars. A high acetate conversion efficiency of more than 80% and low internal resistance of 1.2 kΩ were achieved using the pillar MFC. Additionally, a high-power density of 4.7 W m-2 was obtained with a straight channel MFC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".