Influence of Resonant Acoustic Mode Shape on Source and Sink Patterns in the Wake of a Single Cylinder Based on Howe’s Energy Corollary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The interaction between the acoustic field and periodic flow structures in the wake of a cylinder can self-excite resonance and lead to undesirable noise and vibrations in heat exchangers. The underlying energy exchange mechanism responsible for the emergence of a resonant acoustic field depends on the coupling between flow and acoustic parameters in time and space. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a net positive acoustic energy rate over a complete coupled cycle is essential to sustain resonant conditions. However, existing models have primarily focused on the excitation of the fundamental acoustic mode, considering only one-way coupling, resulting in predominantly qualitative findings. This study utilizes Howe’s energy corollary to determine the amount of acoustic energy produced and absorbed by the flow moving downstream of a single cylinder in a rectangular duct. By considering full coupling, resonant mode shapes are self-excited, enabling the computation of the acoustic and flow fields, acoustic energy generation, and the phase delay between the acoustic field and the lift force. Results provide detailed insights into the coupling mechanism governing the first three transverse acoustic modes, which can be excited by the unsteady vorticity shedding from the cylinder within the relevant velocity range of interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".