Study on hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple fish based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of spatial configurations and quantities of fish school on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish is numerically investigated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics, revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism of the fish school in terms of shedding vortices and channel effects. In this study, the spatial configuration of fish school includes three types, namely, side-by-side, triangle, and staggered; the number of fish varies from one to six. The pressure, velocity, and vortex contours are discussed to investigate the hydrodynamic parameters of fish school. The results show that the shedding vortex has a greater effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish school than the channel effect; as the longitudinal distance increases, the channel effect rapidly declines while the shedding vortex still generates an effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish school at a relatively big longitudinal distance; the inverted triangular configuration has a stronger channel effect than the positive triangle configuration; the number of fish has a greater impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish located at the back of the fish school than on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish located at the front of the fish school.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".