Total and anthropogenic inorganic carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean mixed layer from an eddying global ocean model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) south of 35°S represents a small source of natural inorganic carbon for the atmosphere but a major sink of anthropogenic carbon. The magnitude of the total (natural plus anthropogenic) carbon sink strongly depends on the rate at which carbon is subducted below the mixed layer. We use a global ocean model at eddying resolution under preindustrial and historical conditions to provide a detailed view of total and anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pathways across and within the time-varying mixed layer of five physically consistent regions. Within each region, subduction fluxes at the mixed layer base are decomposed into advective and diffusive contributions to determine which process dominates. Total DIC is found to be obducted south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), transferred northward within the mixed layer and subducted north of the ACC. This results in a net obduction of 11.2 PgC/year, with advective processes dominating the total transfer (67%). Anthropogenic carbon is taken up in all regions but anthropogenic DIC is mainly subducted north of the ACC, the carbon taken up in the south being advected northward within the mixed layer before being subducted. This subduction (1.05 PgC/year) is achieved mainly through advection and diffusion, which dominate respectively north and south of the Subantarctic Front. Advective subduction fluxes show strong zonal variations and are increased near major topographic features and boundary currents. Our results suggest that we need to untangle advective and diffusive pathways regionally in order to understand how carbon subduction will evolve.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".