Importance of Spectral Effects in Energy Yield Predictions for High Latitude Locations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The solar spectrum is constantly varying with changing solar position, atmospheric conditions, and site conditions; however, the AM1.5G standard solar spectrum is typically used in photovoltaic energy yield predictions, thereby reducing prediction accuracy. In this work, we study the impact of spectral variation on silicon module performance using measured solar spectra from eight locations in the US and Canada. The ratio of module short-circuit current under the reference spectrum to that under the actual spectrum, or spectral mismatch modifier, is larger on average for high-latitude locations, with an annual irradiance-weighted average of 0.99 in Golden, Colorado and 1.03 in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, representing a 3% net underprediction in module short-circuit current for the high-latitude location. Final results will compare the sensitivity to spectral effects of PERC, TOPCon, and silicon heterojunction modules. Furthermore, we will quantify the impact of spectral variation on module energy yield for fixed-tilt and single-axis-tracking systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".