Modeling of a Moving Reacting Carbon Char Particle Using Macropore-Resolved and Porous Media Approaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a comparative computational study of the heterogeneous combustion of a single spherical carbon char particle in hot atmospheres with different O 2 concentrations using a porous media model (PMM) and macropore-resolved simulations (PRS). A two-dimensional axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics model (2D CFD) in a pseudo-steady-state approach (PSS) is performed. In both cases, a semiglobal kinetic scheme is implemented, including three heterogeneous and three homogeneous chemical reactions. Several Reynolds numbers (Re in = 10, 50, and 100), inflow gas temperatures ( T in = 1100–2000 K), and inlet mass fractions of oxygen (Y O 2,in = 0.05 and 0.11) are assessed. Results show good agreement between PMM and PRS, especially for T in = 2000 K, where the deviation in the values for the species was not higher than 8.3%. Maximum deviation for CO 2 was 1.54% when evaluating the maximum values for the species concentration. In addition, the effects of the gasifying conditions, oxidative regime, and tortuosity on the partial oxidation process are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".