Efficient Gene Transfer Techniques in Shrimp and Their Cellular Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study compared the efficiency of microinjection, electroporation, and transfection methods for gene transfer into shrimp zygotes. Transfection using the jetPEI reagent demonstrated the highest efficiency, with hatching rates of 50%-60% and gene expression rates of 40%-60%. Additionally, a VP28-pseudotyped baculovirus system achieved up to 100% infection efficiency in adult shrimp tissues, although it exhibited tissue-specific tropism. A triple-pseudotyped retroviral system also showed promise, particularly in shrimp primary lymphoid cells, with infection efficiencies of 20%-30%. Furthermore, the inclusion of shrimp-specific promoters and viral envelope proteins significantly enhanced the tropism and infectivity of lentiviral vectors in shrimp cells. The findings indicate that transfection with jetPEI and the use of pseudotyped viral systems are highly effective for gene transfer in shrimp. These methods hold significant potential for advancing genetic manipulation and cellular studies in shrimp, which could lead to improved disease resistance and other desirable traits in aquaculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".