Unleashing Ultrahigh Detonation Performance with Oxalyldihydrazinium Dication-Based Energetic Salts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new series of high energy density materials were synthesized by combining the oxalyldihydrazinium (H 2 ODH 2+ ) dication with 5,5′-tetranitro-2,2′-bi-1 H -imidazolate (TNBI 2– ), 5,5′-diamino-4,4′-dinitramino-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazolate (ANAT 2– ) and bis[3-(5-nitroimino-1,2,4-triazolate)] (BNT 2– ) dianions. These materials were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H and 13 C) and infrared spectroscopy, gas pycnometry, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the crystal structures of the energetic salts [H 2 ODH][TNBI] and [H 2 ODH][ANAT] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal analysis revealed decomposition temperatures of 183 °C for [H 2 ODH][ANAT], 200 °C for [H 2 ODH][TNBI] and 209 °C for [H 2 ODH][BNT], while the densities of these salts were determined to be 1.82, 1.91, and 1.94 g cm –3, respectively. The structural features of these new energetic salts revealed π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions, which contribute to the close packing and associated high densities. All salts exhibited high detonation properties (detonation pressure: 39.2–43.7 GPa; detonation velocity: 9246–9783 m s –1 ), which are superior or similar to those of benchmark explosives such as 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".