Hydrogen and odorized methane blends under variable Reynolds number conditions with and without leaks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Customer-side piping systems involve low Reynolds number flows with prolonged periods under no-flow conditions. In this research, odorized CH 4 (methane)/H 2 and N 2 (nitrogen)/He (helium) blends are investigated experimentally at variable Reynolds number (0 < Re d < 5200) to determine if component separation occurs and if the presence of H 2 suppresses odorant performance. After prolonged periods under no-flow conditions, all investigated mixtures exhibit varying degrees of component separation. Leak events of odorized CH 4 /H 2 are examined using gas sample analysis. After accounting for gas dilution, leaks of odorized CH 4 /H 2 under no-flow conditions exhibit odorant fade of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan while Methyl Ethyl Sulfide concentrations remain constant. Although odorant fade of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan occurs, measured levels are still approximately 50 times above levels at which the human olfactory sense can either detect or characterize the odorant. For both odorants, suppression due to the presence of H 2 is not observed. • Fully-mixed gas mixtures of methane/hydrogen and nitrogen/helium undergo varying degrees of component separation under no-flow conditions for prolonged periods • Component separation under no-flow conditions is found to be minimal based on both remixing experiments and gas chromatography analysis • Levels of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan show an odorant fade process in odorized methane and hydrogen blends, while levels of Methyl Ethyl Sulfide remain constant • Measured odorant levels in blends up to 70% methane and 30% hydrogen remain significantly higher than detection thresholds of the human olfactory sense
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".