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Hydrogen and odorized methane blends under variable Reynolds number conditions with and without leaks

2024· article· en· W4404447681 on OpenAlexafffund
L. H. Gracia, Simon S. Park, Ron Hugo

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicHybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsReynolds numberMethaneHydrogenVariable (mathematics)ThermodynamicsMaterials scienceChemistryChemical engineeringMechanicsMathematicsPhysicsOrganic chemistryTurbulenceMathematical analysisEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Customer-side piping systems involve low Reynolds number flows with prolonged periods under no-flow conditions. In this research, odorized CH 4 (methane)/H 2 and N 2 (nitrogen)/He (helium) blends are investigated experimentally at variable Reynolds number (0 < Re d < 5200) to determine if component separation occurs and if the presence of H 2 suppresses odorant performance. After prolonged periods under no-flow conditions, all investigated mixtures exhibit varying degrees of component separation. Leak events of odorized CH 4 /H 2 are examined using gas sample analysis. After accounting for gas dilution, leaks of odorized CH 4 /H 2 under no-flow conditions exhibit odorant fade of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan while Methyl Ethyl Sulfide concentrations remain constant. Although odorant fade of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan occurs, measured levels are still approximately 50 times above levels at which the human olfactory sense can either detect or characterize the odorant. For both odorants, suppression due to the presence of H 2 is not observed. • Fully-mixed gas mixtures of methane/hydrogen and nitrogen/helium undergo varying degrees of component separation under no-flow conditions for prolonged periods • Component separation under no-flow conditions is found to be minimal based on both remixing experiments and gas chromatography analysis • Levels of Tert -Butyl Mercaptan show an odorant fade process in odorized methane and hydrogen blends, while levels of Methyl Ethyl Sulfide remain constant • Measured odorant levels in blends up to 70% methane and 30% hydrogen remain significantly higher than detection thresholds of the human olfactory sense

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.748
Threshold uncertainty score0.952

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2024
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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