<i>Streptococcus intermedius</i> : an underestimated pathogen in brain infection?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is an oral commensal organism belonging to the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG). S. intermedius causes periodontitis as well as invasive, pyogenic infection of the central nervous system, pleural space or liver. Compared with other SAG organisms, S. intermedius has a higher mortality as well as a predilection for intracranial infection, suggesting it is likely to possess virulence factors that mediate specific interactions with the host resulting in bacteria reaching the brain. The mechanisms involved are not well described. Intracranial suppuration (ICS) due to S. intermedius infection can manifest as an abscess within the brain parenchyma, or a collection of pus (empyema) in the sub- or extra-dural space. These infections necessitate neurosurgery and prolonged antibiotic treatment and are associated with a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of ICS is increasing in several settings, with SAG species accounting for an increasing proportion of cases. There is a paucity of published literature regarding S. intermedius pathogenesis as well as few published genomes, hampering molecular epidemiological research. This perspective evaluates what is known about the clinical features and pathogenesis of ICS due to S. intermedius and explores hypothetical explanations why the incidence of these infections may be increasing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".