Tree species-dependent effects of urbanization and plant invasion on deadwood biota and decomposition rates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human activities are swiftly reshaping ecosystems, and the simultaneous rise of urbanization and plant invasions has become a significant challenge that jeopardizes both global biodiversity and ecosystem function. Deadwood is an important provider of biodiversity and carbon storage, yet it remains unknown how urbanization and plant invasion affect wood-inhabiting taxa and decomposition rates, separately and interactively. Here we conducted a two-year wood decomposition experiment using Acer saccharum and Pinus strobus at 19 paired invaded and uninvaded plots along an urbanization gradient in Toronto, Canada. We assessed the individual and combined effects of urbanization and plant invasion by Vincetoxicum rossicum on the community composition and diversity of bacteria, fungi and insects, as well as on wood decomposition rates, which are partly driven by these taxa. Our results show that urbanization had individual effects on the diversity of all three taxa and on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Plant invasion individually affected fungal and insect diversity. Interactive effects of urbanization and plant invasion occurred only for fungal diversity in Pinus strobus . Wood decomposition rates varied by tree species, with urbanization accelerating the rates for Pinus strobus but not Acer saccharum . Fungi were the only taxon that significantly influenced wood decomposition. Our findings together indicate that urbanization and plant invasion lead to changes in deadwood-inhabiting communities and decomposition processes, yet their interactive effects are of minor importance. They also show that these effects differ between tree species. Hence, integrating the combined effects of various anthropogenic drivers and different tree species is crucial for developing effective strategies to restore and sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in urban landscapes. • Urbanization changed bacterial, fungal composition, not insects. • Urbanization, invasions shape the three taxa diversity via tree species. • Wood decay rate was higher in more urbanized sites for Pinus strobus. • Fungi greatly influenced wood decay under urbanization and invasion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".