Spontaneous Laminar Separation Bubble Bursting on an Airfoil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted on a NACA 0018 airfoil at near-stall conditions, with stalled, stable laminar-separation bubble, and intermediate flow conditions were considered. Planar particle image velocimetry and surface pressure measurements were used to quantify the flow development at the midspan of the model. For the intermediate conditions, the airfoil is stalled in the time-average sense. However, conditionally averaged velocity field measurements reveal that reattachment of the separated flow and laminar separation bubble formation occur intermittently on the suction surface. The characteristics of the intermittently forming separation bubble and fully separated flow are analyzed based on conditional statistics, revealing variations in the transition process that may underpin the observed low-frequency flow oscillations. The growth rates of the most amplified wavenumbers in the separated shear layer vary with the angle between the separation streamline and the suction surface, leading to earlier transition when the separation angle increases. This change in transition location may play a role in spontaneous changes between fully separated and reattaching flow states.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".