Design and performance of the balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer AESOP-Lite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Anti-Electron Sub-Orbital Payload Low Energy (AESOP-Lite) is designed to determine the source of the negative spectral index of cosmic-ray electrons below 100 MeV through a series of balloon flights. The entry telescope from the classic LEE (Low Electron Energy) instrument was directly integrated into AESOP-Lite, which utilizes a gas-Cherenkov and magnetic-spectrometer configuration to identify the particle type and measure its energy. Its first flight took place May 15–21, 2018 from Kiruna, Sweden accumulating roughly 130 h of exposure above 130,000 ft altitude before landing on Ellesmere Island, Canada. After recovery, work began to upgrade the instrument for its next flight, from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. In this paper, we report on its updated design, calibration and performance. This includes analyses of ground data taken during integration. The observed muon charge separation from ground runs is discussed and compared to the expected performance of the spectrometer, and the first test results of the new time-of-flight (TOF) system are presented. The energy resolution from track reconstruction algorithms and the energy-dependent geometry factor are tested with Monte Carlo simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".