Bio-inspired magnetically induced self-assembling Janus solar evaporator with antifouling and antiscaling properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• A magnetically induced self-assembling Janus solar evaporator was fabricated. • The anisotropic evaporator achieved an evaporation rate of 2.13 kg m −2 h −1 . • The PFDTES modification imparts the photothermal layer with antifouling properties. • Interactions in the evaporator and antifouling properties were probed by AFM. Engineering solar evaporators with Janus structures is crucial for facilitating water transition and heat localization to enhance water evaporation efficiency. However, the fragile discontinuous bilayer structures and unavoidable surface fouling significantly hinder their application. Herein, inspired by the Janus structure of Black Amanita mushrooms, we designed a robust solar evaporator with an integrated wood-like and Janus structure using directional freeze-casting and magnetically induced self-assembly of polypyrrole-coated Fe 3 O 4 particles as a build-in photothermal top layer within a hydrophilic matrix, followed by covering it with an additional hydrophobic fluorine layer to simultaneously regulate surface wettability and antifouling properties. Incorporating the hydrophobic fluorine layer onto the solar evaporator not only enhances its water evaporation efficiency via thermal localization effects, but also prevents fouling, salt, and dust scaling accumulation on its surface, facilitating water transportation, thus achieving a groundbreaking performance with the evaporation rate of 2.13 kg m −2 h −1 under one sun irradiation. Moreover, the mechanical performance of the as-prepared solar evaporator can be further optimized by precisely modulating supramolecular interactions within its structure, achieving Young’s modulus over 4 MPa and maintaining structural integrity after the peel-off tests. The fabricated solar evaporator enables highly efficient water purification from artificial seawater, oil-in-water emulsions, and industrial wastewater, providing a rational strategy for designing high-yield solar evaporation systems for wastewater containing complex contaminants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".