Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) real-time tropospheric delay retrieval based on state-space representation (SSR) products from different analysis centers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The troposphere plays an important role in a range of weather and various climate changes. With the development of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) retrieval using GNSS technology has become a popular method. Research on ZTD accuracies of state-space representation (SSR) corrections from different analysis centers derived from real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) is important for Earth observation correction, meteorological disaster forecasting, and warning with the increasing abundance of state-space representation (SSR) products obtained by the International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis center. Therefore, accuracies and availability of real-time orbits and clock errors obtained by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), GMV Aerospace and Defense (GMV), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNE), and Wuhan University (WHU) are evaluated, and the RT positioning performance and ZTD accuracies are analyzed for Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo (GAL), and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System-3 (BDS3) satellites. The results indicate that CAS has the higher satellite availability, providing SSR corrections for 82 GPS, Galileo, and BDS3 satellites. The accuracies of GPS, Galileo, and BDS3 orbits are best at WHU, CAS, and WHU with values of 5.57, 5.91, and 11.77 cm, respectively; the standard deviations (SDs) of clock error are all better than 0.22, 0.19, and 0.55 ns, and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) are better than 0.54, 0.32, and 1.46 ns. CAS has the best signal-in-space ranging errors (SISREs) followed by WHU, while CNE and GMV are worse. In the RT-PPP test, convergence times for CAS and WHU are 14.9 and 14.4 min, respectively, with 3D positioning accuracy for both of around 3.3 cm, which is better than for CNE and GMV. Among them, WHU SSR has the higher accuracy of RT-PPP-derived ZTD, with an RMSE of 6.06 mm and desirable availability with a completeness rate of 89 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".