The Dual‐Role of Benzothiadiazole Fluorophores for Enabling Electrofluorochromic and Electrochromic Devices
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Three unsymmetric fluorophores differing in their flanking electron acceptor (−NO 2 , −CN, −CHO) were investigated for their electrofluorochromism and electrochromism. The emission yield of the ‐NO 2 substituted fluorophore in the solid state was ca. 9‐fold less than its ‐CN and ‐CHO counterparts. Visible color changes of the fluorophores were observed with an applied potential. The intensity of the near‐infrared absorption at ca. 1500 nm formed upon electrochemical oxidation was contingent on the electron‐withdrawing group: 2‐fold more intense with the ‐CN substitution than its ‐H counterpart. The coloration efficiency was upwards of 655 cm 2 C −1 and the bleaching kinetics (t b ; 22 s) of the NIR band decreased according to ‐NO 2 >‐CN>‐ CHO ≈ ‐H. The electrochemically generated states could be reversibly formed during 120 min of switching the applied potential. The contrast ratio of the radical cation and the NIR absorption was near unity and 60–82 %, respectively. The photoemission intensity of the fluorophores could also be modulated with applied potentials. The collective electrochemically mediated color switching and emission intensity modulation along with their solid‐state emission demonstrate that benzothiadiazole fluorophores can play a dual role in chromic devices both as the color switching and photoemission intensity modulating material.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it